Table 1.

Major phenolics reported from Artemisia annua and the general structure of flavonoids. The number refers to the number given to each compound in Figure 2. Compounds with a 3-OH group attached to the 2,3-double bond, and adjacent to the 4-carbonyl group in the C ring are predicted to have major antioxidant activity [29]. Substituents (R) are numbered according to the ring position (A, C, and B).

Structure	Phenolic type	Ring and substituent position
No.	Flavones	C(R3)	A(R5)	A(R6)	A(R7)	A(R8)	B(R2’)	B(R3’)	B(R4’)	B(R5’)	B(R6’)
7	Apigenin	H	OH	H	OH	H	H	H	OH	H	H
8	Luteolin (5,7,3’,4’-Tetrahydroxy flavone)	H	OH	H	OH	H	H	OH	OH	H	H
9	Luteolin-7-methylether	H	OH	H	OCH3	H	H	OH	OH	H	H
10	Acacetin (apigenin-4’-methyl ether) or 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxy flavone	H	OH	H	OH	H	H	H	OCH3	H	H
11	Chrysoeriol (Lutoelin-3’-methyl ether) or5,7,4’-Trihydroxy-3’-methoxy flavone	H	OH	H	OH	H	H	OCH3	OH	H	H
12	Chrysin (5,7-Dihydroxy flavone)	H	OH	H	OH	H	H	H	H	H	H
13	Cirsilineol (6-Hydroxyluteolin-6,7,3’-trimethyl ether or 5,4’-dihydroxy-6,7,3’-trimethoxyflavone, Fastigenin, Anisomelin, Eupatrin)	H	OH	OCH3	OCH3	H	OH	OCH3	OH	H	H
15	Cynaroside (Luteolin-7-glucoside or 5,7,3’,4’-Tetrahydroxyflavone-7-glucoside or Glucoluteolin or Luteoloside or Cinaroside)	H	OH	H	OGlu	H	H	OH	OH	H	H
16	Eupatorin (6-Hydroxyluteolin-6,7,4’-trimethyl ether or 5,3’-Dihydroxy-6,7,4’-trimethoxyflavone)	H	OH	OCH3	OCH3	H	H	OH	OCH3	H	H
17	Cirsimaritin (Scutellarin-6,7-dimethyl ether or 6-Hydroxyapigenin-6,7-dimethyl ether or 5,4’-Dihydroxy-6,7-Dimethoxyflavone or Scorphulein or Cirsumaritin or Cirsitakaogenin)	H	OH	OCH3	OCH3	H	H	H	OH	H	H
18	Artemetin	OCH3	OH	OCH3	OCH3	H	H	OCH3	OCH3	H	H
19	Chrysosplenol-C	OCH3	OH	OH	OCH3	H	H	OCH3	OH	H	H
20	Chrysosplenol-D	OCH3	OH	OCH3	OCH3	H	H	OH	OH	H	H
21	Mikanin	OH	OH	OCH3	OCH3	H	H	H	OCH3	H	H
22	Astragalin (Kaempferol-3-α-D-glucoside)	O-glu	OH	H	OH	H	H	H	OH	H	H
23	Axillarin (5,7,3’,4’-Tetrahydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone or quercetagetin -3,6- dimethyl ether)	OCH3	OH	OCH3	OH	H	H	OH	OH	H	H
24	Casticin (5,3’-dihydroxy-3,6,7,4’-tetramethyl ether flavone or Quercetagetin -3,6-7,4’-tetramethyl ether)	OCH3	OH	OCH3	OCH3	H	H	OH	OCH3	H	H
25	Eupatin (3,5,3’-Trihydroxy-6,7,4’-trimethoxyflavone or Quercetagetin -3,6- dimethyl ether)	OH	OH	OCH3	OCH3	H	H	OH	OCH3	H	H
26	Kaempferol (3,5,7,4’-Tetrahydroxy flavone)	OH	OH	H	OH	H	H	H	OH	H	H
27	Kaempferol-6-methox-3-O-β-D-glucoside	OGlu	OH	OCH3	OH	H	H	H	OH	H	H
28	Tamarixetin	OH	OH	H	OH	H	H	OH	OCH3	H	H
29	Myricetin (3,5,7,3’,4’,5’-Hexahydroxy flavone)	OH	OH	H	OH	H	H	OH	OH	OH	H
30	Gossypetin- 3,8-dimethylether	OCH3	OH	H	OH	OH	H	OH	OCH3	H	H
31	Laricitrin (3,5,7,3’,4’, -Pentahydroxy 5’-methoxyflavone)	OH	OH	H	OH	H	H	OH	OH	OCH3	H
32	Mearnsetin (3,5,7,3’,5’, -Pentahydroxy 4’-methoxyflavone or Myricetin-4-methyl ether)	OH	OH	H	OH	H	H	OH	OCH3	OH	H
33	Quercetin (3,5,7,3’,4’-Pentahydroxy flavone)	OH	OH	H	OH	H	H	OH	OH	H	H
34	Quercetin-3’- O-β-D-glucoside	OH	OH	H	OH	H	H	O-Glu	OH	H	H
35	Quercetin-3- methylether	OCH3	OH	H	OH	H	H	OH	OH	H	H
36	Quercimeritrin (Quercetin-7-glucoside)	OH	OH	H	O-Glu	H	H	OH	OH	H	H
37	Retusin (5-Hydroxy-3,7,3’4’-tetramethoxy flavone or Quercetin3,7,3’,4’-tetramethylether)	OCH3	OH	H	OCH3	H	H	OCH3	OCH3	H	H
38	Rhamnetin (Quercetin-7-methylether or 3,5,7,3’-Tetrahydroxy-4’-methoxy flavone)	OH	OH	H	OCH3	H	H	OH	OH	H	H
39	Isorhamnetin (Quercetin-3’-methylether or 3,5,7,4’-Tetrahydroxy-3’-methoxy flavone)	OH	OH	H	OH	H	H	OCH3	OH	H	H
40	Rutin (Quercetin-3-rutinoside)	O-Diglyc.	OH	H	OH	H	H	OH	OH	H	H
41	Mearncetin glucoside	OH	OH	H	OGlu	H	H	OH	OCH3	OH	H
42	Chrysosplenetin (5,4’-Dihydroxy-3,6,7,3’-tetramethoxy flavone or Quercetagetin-3,6-7,3’-tetramethyl ether)	OCH3	OH	OCH3	OCH3	H	H	OCH3	OH	H	H
43	3,5-Dihydroxy-3’,4’,6,7,-Tetramethoxyflavone	OH	OH	OCH3	OCH3	H	H	OCH3	OCH3	H	H
44	Syringetin (Myricetin-3’,5’-dimethyl ether)	OH	OH	H	OH	H	H	OCH3	OH	OCH3	H
45	Isokaempferide (5,7,4’-Trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavone or Kaemferol-3-methyl ether)	OCH3	OH	H	OH	H	H	H	OH	H	H
46	Quercetagetin 3,4’-dimethyl ether	OCH3	OH	OH	OH	H	H	OH	OCH3	H	H