Table 4.
Different Platforms | Light Source | Gas | Location | Date | Duration | Average Concentration | Measured Concentration Range | Minimum Detection Limit | Temporal Resolution | R2 * | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marine boundary layer | Red-LED | NO2, NO3, N2O5 | Brittany, France | September 2006 | 15 h | Not stated | NO3 (above 1 ppbv) | NO3 (0.25 pptv) | 10 s | Not stated | [56] |
Aircraft | Red-LED | NO2, NO3, N2O5 | North Sea and Thames Estuary, UK | July 2010 | 5 h | Not stated | NO3 (<2–200 pptv) N2O5 (<2–600 pptv) NO2 (<0.05–12 ppbv) |
NO3 (1.1pptv) N2O5 (2.4 pptv) NO2 (5 pptv) |
NO3 (1.2 s) N2O5 (8 s) NO2 (1 s) |
0.99 | [52] |
Blue-LED | NO2 | Anhui, China | March 2016 | 36 h | ~11.98 ppbv | 4–31 ppbv | NO2 (95 pptv) | 2 s | 0.86 | [62] | |
Urban site | Red-LED | NO3, N2O5 | Beijing, China | February, May 2016 | 7 days | Not stated | NO3 + N2O5 (1 ppbv) NO3 (up to 50 pptv) |
NO3 (2.4 pptv) N2O5 (2.7 pptv) |
1 s | Not stated | [44] |
Blue-LED | NO2 | Cambridge, UK | October 2006 | 38 h | Not stated | 3–34 ppbv | NO2 (100 pptv) | 60 s | 0.9982 | [58] | |
Blue-LED | NO2 | Anhui, China | May 2012 | 7 days | Not stated | 1–35 ppbv | NO2 (9.6 ppbv) | 90 s | 0.983 | [61] | |
UV-LED | HONO, NO2 | Anhui, China | March 2014 | 3 days | HONO (0.68 ppbv) NO2 (14 ppbv) |
HONO (<0.22–3.49 ppbv) NO2 (2.86–51.6 ppbv) |
HONO (0.22 ppbv) NO2 (0.45 ppbv) |
20 min | HONO (0.917) NO2 (0.937) |
[55] | |
UV-LED | HONO | Tokyo, Japan | January 2016 | 21days | 1.5 ± 1.1 ppbv | 0.2–7.1 ppbv | HONO (0.2 ppbv) | 20 min | 0.94 | [63] | |
Suburban site | UV-LED | HONO, NO2 | Tung Chung, Hong Kong | May 2012 | 2 days | Not stated | HONO (up to~2 ppbv) | HONO (0.3 ppbv) | 2 min | HONO (0.7) | [54] |
Blue-LED | NO2, CHOCHO | PRD and YRD regions, China | August 2017 | 3 days | Not stated | NO2 (2–15 ppbv) CHOCHO (<28–180 pptv) |
NO2 (40 pptv) CHOCHO (8 pptv) |
21 s | Not stated | [20] |