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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2018 Sep 27;168:193–205. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.036

Table 4.

Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis results for primary biogas and wood cookstoves, relative to primary LPG cookstoves (OR = 1.00), subsetted for various kitchen situations and settings, separately by sex.

Kitchen settings Females Males

n Biogas stove Wood stove N Biogas stove Wood stove




OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)
All Kitchens (as in Table 3) 645 0.24 (0.06, 0.87) 0.21 (0.08, 0.52) 918 1.41 (0.61, 3.23) 0.80 (0.37, 1.74)
Single kitchen households 588 0.18 (0.04, 0.72) 0.26 (0.09, 0.71) 839 1.66 (0.62, 4.43) 0.79 (0.34, 1.83)
4-wall kitchen households 595 0.15 (0.04, 0.65) 0.10 (0.03, 0.29) 855 1.43 (0.57, 3.59) 0.45 (0.19, 1.06)
Urban households 399 0.36 (0.05, 2.55) 0.52 (0.13, 2.06) 550 5.65 (1.30, 24.60) 1.29 (0.44, 3.81)
Rural households 246 0.11 (0.01, 1.03) 0.08 (0.02, 0.25) 368 0.37 (0.10, 1.40) 0.31 (0.11, 0.90)

Adjusted for age (continuous), income, education, literacy, home ownership, secondary stoves, lighting types used when electricity was unavailable, home heating, use of incense and mosquito coils, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, other household member who smokes, and family member with TB in last 10 years.