Fig. 4.

ITGAV and TIMP-1 are associated with inhibition of IL-32γ-induced cancer stemness. a, b Western blotting (a) and immunohistochemical (b) analysis of ITGAV and TIMP-1 in DMBA/TPA-induced skin tissues from WT and IL-32γ. Scale bar, 10 μm. n = 4. c Western blotting analysis of ITGAV and TIMP-1 in control and IL-32γ-overexpressing cells (A431 and SK-Mel-28). d Knockdown of ITGAV and TIMP-1 on skin cancer sphere formation. A431 and SK-Mel-28 cells were transfected with ITGAV or TIMP-1 siRNA (20 nM). After 24 h, cells were subject to sphere assay for 10 days. n = 3. *p < 0.05. e, A431 and SK-Mel-28 cells were transfected with ITGAV or TIMP-1 siRNA. Expression of CD44 and CD133 were detected in ITGAV and TIMP-1 knockdonwed A431 and SK-Mel-28 cells by western blotting. f Expression of Sox2 mRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR. n = 3. *p < 0.05