Table 1.
A resume of the some of the devices reported in this paper with the lowest limit of detection.
Material | Device | Target Gas | LOD | OT (°C) | Notes | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GO | resistive | NO2 | 20 ppb in dry air | 150 | The responses for concentrations >40 ppb are not affected by RH | [81] |
GO | resistive | NO2 | 650 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [82] |
GO | resistive | H2 | 100 ppm | RT | GO shows n-type behaviour. Low response and recovery times | [83] |
edge-tailored GO | FET | SO2 | 5 ppm | RT | Sensing tests at 65% RH | [87] |
fluorinated-GO | resistive | NH3 | 6 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [94] |
rGO | resistive | NH3 | 5 ppb | RT | Sensing tests at RH < 5% | [113] |
holey rGO | resistive | NO2 | 60 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [116] |
rGO | resistive, flexible | NO2 | 400 ppt | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [117] |
rGO | resistive, flexible | NO2 | 50 ppb in dry air | RT | Sensing tests in ambient conditions show the ability to detect 1 ppm NO2 | [118] |
rGO-C nanodots | resistive | NO2 | 10 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in dry air. High selectivity to NO2 | [121] |
rGO | resistive | CO2 | 300 ppm | RT | Sensing tests in ambient conditions | [123] |
Pd-RGO | resistive | NO | 2 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in N2 atmosphere | [124] |
Pt-rGO | FET | H2 | 60 ppm | RT | Sensing tests at 11% ≤ RH ≤ 78%. Selective to H2 over CO and CH4 | [126] |
Cu2O NWs-rGO | resistive | NO2 | 64 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in N2 atmosphere | [137] |
ZnO nanorods-rGO | resistive | NO2 | 47 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [138] |
Pd-WO3 nanobelts-rGO | resistive | H2 | 20 ppm | 100 | Sensing tests in dry air. Good selectivity to H2. Recovery time (<1 min) | [142] |
SnO2 quantum wire-rGO | resistive | H2S | 43 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests at RH = 56–60% | [145] |
MoS2 | resistive | NO2 | 120 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in N2 atmosphere | [161] |
MoS2 | FET | NO2 | 20 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in Ar atmosphere | [162] |
MoS2 | resistive | NH3 | 300 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in N2 atmosphere | [170] |
Pd-MoS2 | resistive | H2 | 50 ppm | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [181] |
rGO-MoS2 | resistive | NO2 | 5.7 ppb (est.) in dry air | 60 | Selectivity to NO2 over NH3, H2S, CO and HCHO. Small humidity effects on response | [184] |
rGO-MoS2 fibres | resistive | NO2 | 53 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [185] |
WS2 | impedance | methanol | 5.6 ppm (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [45] |
WS2 | resistive | NO2 | 100 ppb in dry air | 150 | Partial oxidation of WS2 flakes. Humidity does not affect the sensing response | [193] |
WS2 | resistive | H2 | 1 ppm in dry air | 150 | Partial oxidation of WS2 flakes. Humidity does not affect the sensing response | [193] |
WS2 | resistive | NO2 | 8 ppb | 250 | Sensing tests in dry air | [194] |
MTCNF-WS2 | resistive | NO2 | 10 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in dry air. Humidity affects the sensing response | [195] |
Pd NPs-WS2 | resistive, flexible | H2 | 10 ppm | RT | Sensing tests in N2 atmosphere | [198] |
Exfoliated BP | resistive | NO2 | 20 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [210] |
Exfoliated BP | resistive | NO2 | 7 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [212] |
Exfoliated BP | resistive | NH3 | 80 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in N2 atmosphere and at 10 Torr | [214] |
Pt NPs- exfoliated BP | FET | H2 | <2000 ppm (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in dry air. Pt-BP covered with PMMA. Selectivity to H2. | [223] |