Fig. 3.

Immune-related features and pathways predictive of response to immune checkpoint blockade. Copy number amplifications of the JAK-2/PD-L1/2 regions, increased PD-L1 expression via an intact JAK-STAT pathway culminating in IRF-1 binding to the PD-L1 promoter, high MHC-I/II expression, and HLA variability all correlate with response to ICB. Elevated concentrations of effector and helper T cells and low concentrations of Tregs and TGFβ in the TME are also associated with response to ICB. HLA human leukocyte antigen, ICB immune checkpoint blockade, IRF-1 interferon regulatory factor 1, JAK-STAT janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, MHC major histocompatibility complex, PD-L1 programmed death ligand 1, TGFβ transforming growth factor beta, TME tumor microenvironment, Treg regulatory T cell