Table 4.

The use of enzyme-immobilized microreactors for hydrolysis and esterification.

Immobilization technique	Enzyme	Reaction scheme	Results	Ref.
Surface modification of silica capillary by sol-gel technique/immobilized through amide bond formation using succinate linker	Lipase		1.5 time better yield was obtained compared with batchwise reaction	[45]
Entrapment within folded-sheet mesoporous silicas	Lipase		Reaction yield was 10 time higher than batchwise reaction	[63]
Covalently immobilized in silica micro structured fiber	Lipase		Almost complete conversion of a vegetable oil to monoacylglycerol	[64]
Entrapment of Novozym-435TM within microchannel	Lipase		Much less of the reactant was required compared with the batchwise test	[65]
Ni-NTA agarose bead immobilization	p-Nitrobenzyl esterase		80% yields were obtained along with traces of byproduct	[28]
Silica monolith entrapped within microchannels	Protease P		Conversion within microreactor was higher than that of the batchwise reaction at higher flow rates	[33]
Silica monolith entrapped within microchannels	Lipase		Optical resolution of products was achieved by connecting commercially available chiral column	[35]
Membrane formation with paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and poly-Lys	α-Amino-acylase		Optical resolution of d/l-amino acids were achieved by connecting to micro solvent extractor	[60]