Figure 2.

The Sleep-Active RIS Neuron Is Required for All Types of Physiological Sleep

Fraction of time spent asleep in wild-type, aptf-1(gk794), and RIS-ablation (RIS(−)).

(A) Median sleep duration in adult worms in the presence of growing bacteria was 18% in wild-type and 8% in aptf-1(gk794); ^∗∗∗p < 0.001. In the absence of growth medium and in the presence of dead bacteria, median sleep duration was 0% for both wild-type and aptf-1(gk794).

(B) In adult worms, starvation increased sleep compared with worms fed on bacteria in the absence of growth medium. Median sleep duration in starved adults was 31% in wild-type and 0% in aptf-1(gk794) and RIS(−); ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.

(C) Fraction of time spent asleep in wild-type and aptf-1(gk794) in fed L1 prior to and during lethargus. Before lethargus, median sleep fraction was 0% for both wild-type and aptf-1(−). During lethargus, the median sleep fraction was 35% for wild-type and 0% for aptf-1(gk794); ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.

(D) Sleep fraction in starved L1 larvae. Wild-type larvae had a median sleep fraction of 33%, aptf-1(gk794) 0%, and RIS(−) 5%; ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.

(E) Sleep fraction in dauer larvae. Median sleep fraction in dauer larvae was 92% wild-type, 0% in aptf-1(gk794), and 2% in RIS(−); ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.

(F) Sleep fraction in adult worms in the presence of dauer pheromone. Wild-type worms showed a median sleep fraction of 18% and aptf-1(gk794) of 3%; ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.

The numbers of assayed worms (n) are displayed below the boxplots. Statistical comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney U test.