Fig 7. Midgut JNK3 phosphorylation levels were reduced below non-blood fed levels by MKP4 overexpression in P. falciparum-infected M3 line A. stephensi.

Three-day old M3 and M4 line MKP4 transgenic and non-transgenic (NTG) female A. stephensi were allowed to feed on P. falciparum-infected blood meals for 30 min. Total proteins from midguts dissected at 1, 3, 5, and 7 h after feeding were processed for western blotting. pJNK levels were first normalized to GAPDH and then to pJNK in non-blood fed (NBF) mosquitoes within each group (set at 1, black dotted line). These experiments were replicated with 2–5 separate cohorts of mosquitoes. Fold changes relative to NBF controls at each timepoint were analyzed by Student’s t-test (*, P < 0.05).