Fig. 1.
The TEM (a), HRTEM (b), and AFM (c) images of the CDs. The inset in (a) shows the particle size distribution histogram. The inset in (c) shows the height-profile analysis along the corresponding line. The FTIR (d), high-resolution XPS spectra of C 1s (e) and N 1s (f) of the CDs show the existing chemical bonds and compositions.