Table 3.
Differences in CD4 counts by baseline biomarkers.
| Micronutrient deficienta | Unadjusted |
Adjustedb |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD4 differences (95% CI) | P-valueb | CD4 differences (95% CI) | P-valueb | |
| Vitamin B12 | −37.9 (−73.3 to −2.5) | 0.04 | 7.1 (−15.0 to 29.2) | 0.53 |
| Vitamin B6 | −26.0 (−47.7 to −4.2) | 0.02 | −7.0 (−20.2 to 6.2) | 0.30 |
| Vitamin A | 27.6 (0.9–54.2) | 0.04 | 35.9 (17.6 to 54.3) | <0.001 |
| Total carotenoids | −36.4 (−59.1 to −13.6) | 0.002 | −0.5 (−15.4 to 14.4) | 0.95 |
| Vitamin D | −36.6 (−56.7 to −16.5) | <0.001 | −14.9 (−27.9 to −1.8) | 0.03 |
| Selenium | 0.5 (−19.7 to 20.6) | 0.97 | 20.8 (3.3–38.3) | 0.02 |
| Iron | 52.6 (14.7–90.5) | 0.007 | −12.4 (−46.0 to 11.2) | 0.30 |
| High inflammationa | ||||
| CRP | −33.3 (−56.0 to −10.5) | 0.004 | −12.2 (−24.6 to 0.1) | 0.05 |
| IFNγ | −38.9 (−62.6 to −15.2) | 0.001 | −14.3 (−31.0 to 2.3) | 0.09 |
| TNFα | −13.1 (−36.6 to 10.5) | 0.28 | −5.9 (−21.1 to 9.3) | 0.45 |
| Log2 (sCD14) | −0.3 (−22.6 to 22.0) | 0.98 | 23.4 (8.9–37.8) | 0.001 |
| IL-6 | −12.8 (−36.5 to 11.0) | 0.29 | −15.2 (−30.6 to 0.1) | 0.05 |
| CXCL10 | −19.3 (−43.1 to 4.5) | 0.11 | −0.9 (−16.2 to 14.5) | 0.91 |
| EndoCab IgM | 1.3 (−21.8 to 24.4) | 0.91 | −3.1 (−16.5 to 10.4) | 0.66 |
a
Same Cutoffs for deficiency and high inflammation as defined in Table 1. Reference/comparison groups for micronutrient deficiencies are “Not Deficient” and for high inflammation is “Not high inflammation”.
b
P-values were calculated using mixed-effects linear regression models; Multivariable models adjusted for time-dependent viral load and baseline CD4 count, age, sex, BMI, country, treatment regimen, anemia and hypoalbuminemia status.