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. 2018 Nov 29;8:17462. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35576-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Characterization of reactive astrocytes in 26.5–32-week-old Ins2^AKITA and WT littermate controls. (a) Representative image of reactive astrocytes in Ins2^AKITA and WT cerebral cortex, astrocytes (GFAP, green), vasculature (PECAM1, white) (n = 5, scale bar 50 μm). (b) Total cerebral cortex Gfap mRNA expression in Ins2^AKITA (n = 6) and WT (n = 4) mice presented as fold change over Hprt reference gene expression. (c) Gfap mRNA expression from isolated cerebral microvascular fragments of Ins2^AKITA and WT mice presented as fold change over Gapdh reference gene (n = 7). n.s. = not significant, Student’s t test.