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Fluorescence enhancement of Cy3 upon closing of a DNA hairpin. (A) Photoexcited Cy3 is known to isomerize between a bright trans isomer and a dark cis isomer. The schematic shows a nicked hairpin structure labelled on 3′ deoxythymidine (dT) with Cy3. (B and C) Addition of NaCl (0–460 mM) results in an increase of Cy3 emission intensity (B) and lifetime (C). (D) Representative single-molecule time trace shows two-state dynamics (the buffer contained 50 mM NaCl).
