Table 4.
Characteristics of experimental groups at birth
| Female | Male | P value for treatment effect | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | FGRS | FGRI | CON | FGRS | FGRI | |||
| n = 15 | n = 18 | n = 13 | n = 22 | n = 12 | n = 19 | Female | Male | |
| GA at birth (days) | 147 ± 1 | 147 ± 1 | 149 ± 1 | 148 ± 1 | 148 ± 1 | 147 ± 1 | ns | ns |
| BW (kg) | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 5.4 ± 0.2 | 5.4 ± 0.2 | 0.02* | 0.005*† |
| BW Z‐Score | 0.3 ± 0.2 | −0.4 ± 0.2 | −0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.02* | 0.005*† |
| CRL (cm) | 51.0 ± 0.8 | 48.5 ± 0.7 | 49.8 ± 0.7 | 52.3 ± 0.6 | 50.0 ± 0.7 | 49.0 ± 1.0 | ns | ns |
| Chest (cm) | 39.5 ± 0.6 | 37.4 ± 0.5 | 38.2 ± 0.6 | 41.2 ± 0.4 | 39.2 ± 0.6 | 38.3 ± 0.6 | ns | 0.01† |
| Abdomen (cm) | 40.7 ± 1.0 | 36.9 ± 0.9 | 39.0 ± 1.2 | 41.8 ± 0.6 | 40.3 ± 0.8 | 39.2 ± 0.8 | 0.01* | ns |
| Hock–toe (cm) | 21.1 ± 0.3 | 19.9 ± 0.3 | 20.2 ± 0.3 | 21.7 ± 0.2 | 20.8 ± 0.3 | 21.0 ± 03 | ns | 0.06 |
| Hindlimb (cm) | 39.5 ± 0.6 | 37.4 ± 0.5 | 37.3 ± 0.9 | 41.4 ± 0.3 | 39.3 ± 0.5 | 38.5 ± 0.2 | 0.03*† | 0.001† |
| Forelimb (cm) | 34.1 ± 0.5 | 32.5 ± 0.5 | 33.1 ± 0.5 | 35.5 ± 0.4 | 33.7 ± 0.5 | 33.9 ± 0.5 | ns | 0.03* |
| BPD (cm) | 6.4 ± 0.1 | 6.2 ± 0.1 | 6.2 ± 0.1 | 6.6 ± 0.04 | 6.5 ± 0.06 | 6.4 ± 0.03 | ns | ns |
| BMI (kg CRL−2) | 22.0 ± 0.9 | 19.5 ± 0.9 | 20.7 ± 1.0 | 23.6 ± 0.8 | 21.6 ± 0.9 | 22.01 ± 0.9 | 0.02* | ns |
| GI (kg CRL−1.5) | 15.7 ± 0.7 | 13.6 ± 0.6 | 14.6 ± 0.7 | 17.0 ± 0.5 | 15.5 ± 0.6 | 15.3 ± 0.6 | 0.01* | 0.02† |
| PI (kg CRL−3) | 43.6 ± 1.9 | 40.1 ± 1.8 | 41.9 ± 2.0 | 45.6 ± 1.8 | 43.1 ± 2.2 | 44.6 ± 2.0 | ns | ns |
Data are means ± SEM. Gestational age (GA), birthweight (BW), crown–rump length (CRL), chest circumference (Chest), abdominal circumference (Abdomen), hock–toe length, hindlimb length, forelimb length, biparietal diameter (BPD), body mass index (BMI), g index (GI), and ponderal index (PI) at birth. Symbols denote significant differences between experimental groups on post hoc testing: *CON vs. FGRS; †CON vs. FGRI; ns, not significant.