Table 5.
Outcomes of the SMARTsize treatment.
| Participants in SMARTsize Intervention | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | No Additional Counseling | Additional Counseling | ||||||||||
| T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | |
| Self-efficacy of smaller portions a | ||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.5 (0.8) | 3.7 (0.8) * | 3.7 (0.8) | - | 3.5 (0.8) | 3.8 (0.9) * | 3.6 (0.8) | - | 3.5 (0.7) | 3.7 (0.8) * | 3.7 (0.8) | - |
| n | 214 | 195 | 145 | 59 | 46 | 20 | 155 | 149 | 125 | |||
| Self-efficacy of low-calorie dishes a | ||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.4 (1.0) | 3.8 (0.9) * | 3.9 (0.8) * | - | 3.4 (1.1) | 3.8 (0.9) * | 3.8 (1.0) * | - | 3.4 (1.0) | 3.8 (0.8) * | 3.9 (0.8) * | - |
| n | 212 | 194 | 145 | 58 | 46 | 20 | 154 | 148 | 125 | |||
| Intention to intake smaller portions b | ||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.5 (0.6) | 4.4 (0.8) | 4.3 (0.9) * | - | 4.6 (0.6) | 4.4 (0.9) | 4.0 (1.1) * | - | 4.5 (0.6) | 4.4 (0.8) | 4.4 (0.9) * | - |
| n | 215 | 195 | 145 | 59 | 46 | 20 | 156 | 149 | 125 | |||
| Portion control strategies c | ||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.0 (0.5) | 3.7 (0.5) * | - | - | 3.1 (0.5) | 3.7 (0.5) * | - | - | 3.0 (0.5) | 3.7 (0.5) * | - | - |
| n | 216 | 195 | 60 | 46 | 156 | 149 | ||||||
| BMI | ||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 33.0 (5.4) | 31.9 (4.7) * | 31.4 (4.8) * | 30.8 (4.3) * | 32.6 (5.0) | 32.0 (5.2) * | 32.4 (5.1) * | 31.6 (3.3) * | 33.1 (5.5) | 31.9 (4.6) * | 31.2 (4.8) * | 30.7 (4.4) * |
| n | 212 | 189 | 142 | 94 | 57 | 43 | 21 | 10 | 155 | 146 | 121 | 84 |
a Self-efficacy of paying attention to portion sizes of food and beverages and of preparing usual dishes with less calories were measured on a five-point scale from 1 (definitely not able) to 5 (definitely able). b Intention to regularly consume smaller portions of food and beverages was measured on a five-point scale from 1 (no intention at all) to 5 (intention). c The mean of 32 items measured on a five-point scale from 1 ((almost) never using portion control strategies) to 5 ((almost) always using strategies). * Statistically significant difference between follow-up and baseline measurement, tested with paired-samples t-test (p < 0.05). Note that participants with and without additional counselling did not significantly differ on all outcomes, tested with ANOVA analysis (p < 0.05).