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. 2018 Oct 25;10(11):427. doi: 10.3390/toxins10110427

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Fluorescence (FL)-based aptasensors using up-conversion fluorescence or down-conversion fluorescence. (a) Scheme of a Fe₃O₄/aptamer/CDs nanocomposites-based aptasensor for okadaic acid (OA) detection (Scheme was drawn according to the text description and the original Scheme 1 of Ref. [66]). CDs, carbon dots. UCF, up-conversion fluorescence. (b) Scheme of a CS-UCNPs and MoS₂-assisted FL-based aptasensor for MC-LR detection (Scheme was drawn according to the text description and the original Scheme 1 of Ref. [91]). (c) Scheme of a dual FRET aptasensor for simultaneous detection of MC-LR and OA (Scheme was drawn according to the text description and the original Figure 1 of Ref. [92]).