Figure 9.
(a) Photograph of typical microfluidizer. The graphite aqueous suspension is powered by 30 kpsi pump from the feed tank through microsized channels. Schematics of (b) Z-shaped channels with diameters ranging from 400 μm down to 87 μm, and (c) typical flow profile within the channel with maximal flow speed of 400 m s−1. The graphite flakes are exfoliated into graphene sheets and further fragmented into nanosized GQDs. Reproduced from [67]. Copyright American Chemical Society, 2016.