Figure 10.

Hypothetical model for the intracellular trafficking of two non-structural viral proteins that regulate long-distance movement of PLRV in plants. Based on imaging results obtained from bimolecular complementation assays coupled to co-localization with fluorescent protein-based organelle markers, P17 (blue circles) and P3a (yellow circles) homo/heterodimer complexes localized to the outer membranes of mitochondria and plastids may traffic to and from plasmodesmata (PD) through plastid stromules, mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDV), or membrane contact sites (red triangles) established between the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other organelles. However, only the P17 movement protein has the ability to permanently associate with PD and the nucleus.