. 2018 Nov 9;10(11):465. doi: 10.3390/toxins10110465

Table 2.

Alterations in serum biochemical parameters study (data are means ± SD of 6 individuals/group) (AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase).

Serum Parameters	Days in Treatment	Control	20 ppm	50 ppm	100 ppm
AST (IU/L)	5	181.0 ± 19.8 ^a	553.3 ± 116.2 ^b	570.0 ± 54.0 ^b	691.5 ± 189.7 ^b
AST (IU/L)	10	170.5 ± 16.7 ^a	406.0 ± 171.4 ^ab	736.8 ± 432.8 ^bc	1028.0 ± 418.0 ^c
ALT (IU/L)	5	46.2 ± 5.27 ^a	128 ± 36.72 ^{b *}	208.8 ± 29.6 ^{c *}	205.5 ± 52.7 ^{c *}
ALT (IU/L)	10	43.2 ± 4.17 ^a	126.7 ± 29.47 ^ab*	202.8 ± 102.5 ^bc*	248.3 ± 81.3 ^{c *}
Total protein (g/L)	5	57.0 ± 1.79 ^a	58.2 ± 4.17 ^a	62.8 ± 1.92 ^b	59.3 ± 1.97 ^ab
Total protein (g/L)	10	58.8 ± 1.47	57.5 ± 3.62	59.2 ± 2.93	60.5 ± 1.76
Albumin (g/L)	5	32.7 ± 0.52 ^a	33.2 ± 1.94 ^ab	35.0 ± 1.22 ^b	33.5 ± 1.05 ^ab
Albumin (g/L)	10	33.0 ± 0.63	33.5 ± 1.38	34.3 ± 1.63	34.0 ± 1.26
Glucose (mmol/L)	5	8.87 ± 1.15 ^c	6.43 ± 1.92 ^b	4.32 ± 0.61 ^a	4.95 ± 0.64 ^ab
Glucose (mmol/L)	10	7.15 ± 1.23 ^b	6.52 ± 2.25 ^ab	4.13 ± 1.01 ^a	4.55 ± 0.92 ^a
Total Chol. (mmol/L)	5	2.60 ± 0.3 ^a	4.63 ± 0.63 ^ab	5.30 ± 0.45 ^ab	6.43 ± 0.83 ^b
Total Chol. (mmol/L)	10	2.38 ± 0.15 ^a	4.43 ± 0.52 ^b	5.18 ± 0.91^b	5.92 ± 1.58 ^b
Urea (mmol/L)	5	8.85 ± 0.53 ^a	10.1 ± 1.62 ^{a *}	10.5 ± 0.86 ^{ab *}	12.7 ± 2.11 ^{b *}
Urea (mmol/L)	10	8.42 ± 0.35 ^a	12.2 ± 5.18 ^{a *}	13.0 ± 5.12 ^{ab *}	22.9 ± 11.1 ^{b *}
Creatinine (micromol/L)	5	30.3 ± 4.23 ^a	47.2 ± 8.3 ^b	57.0 ± 7.78 ^{bc *}	*64.5 ± 7.4 ^{c }**
Creatinine (micromol/L)	10	26.3 ± 1.63 ^a	56.2 ± 12.6 ^{b *}	60.7 ± 9.03 ^{bc *}	*81.5 ± 25.1 ^{c }**

^{a, b}: small uppercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) between means of one row. Bold number pairs indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) between 5- and 10-day treatment data. * values above the physiological upper level, 24–49 IU/L for ALT, 4.0–9.3 mmol/L for urea and 31–48 µmol/L for creatinine according to Boehm et al. [21].