Table 2.
Detailed characteristics of studies examining effect of residential greenness on outcomes related to atopic sensation.
| Author (Year) | Exposure Definition | Outcome Definition | Exposure Estimate (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hanski et al. (2012) | Vegetation cover of the yards and the major land-use types within 3 km of the homes of the study subjects. | Atopic individuals based on IgE antibody level with a cut-off value of 2.5 kUA/L | Increase in one unit of first principal component of land-use types OR: 0.594 (no 95%CI reported) Increase in the number of uncommon native flowering plant species in the yard OR: 0.905 (no 95%CI reported) |
| Lovasi et al. (2013) | Urban tree canopy coverage (combined high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and color infrared aerial imagery) for address at time of birth (250 m). | Serum IgE antibody level with a cut-off value of 0.35 IU/mL | Relative risk (RR) increase per standard deviation of tree canopy coverage 1.20 (1.05, 1.37) |
| Fuertes et al. (2014b) | Residential greenness in a 500 m buffer around the 10-year home addresses (NDVI) | Aeroallergen sensitization (at 6 and 10 years)—IgE ≥ 0.35 kU/L | Aeroallergen sensitization (OR) per increase in mean NDVI: 0.96 (0.85, 1.07) |
| Ruokolainen et al. (2015) | The coverage of five land-use types (agricultural land, built area, forest, water bodies and wetland) around each home was calculated with the CORINE2006 land-cover data using a buffer with radius of 3 km. | Atopy (atopic sensitization) was defined based on the sum of IgE antibodies that are specific to inhalant allergens, such that an individual with log10(ΣIgEinhalant) > IgEth was classified as atopic, where IgEth is a cut-off level. | Significant (p-value < 0.05) associations were found for all log10 cut-off values (IgEth = −0.5 OR: 0.61 IgEth = 0 OR: 0.42, IgEth = 0.5 OR: 0.24, IgEth = 1 OR: 0.30). 95%CI were not reported. |
| Fuertes et al. (2016) | Mean NDVI at 500m and 1000m circular buffers around home address (age 6–8 and 10–12) taken during the spring and summer months of year of birth. | Sensitization was assessed by skin prick testing for CAPPS, MACS, and SAGE, with a positive reaction defined as having a wheal diameter of ≥3 mm. For all other cohorts, sensitization was assessed by measuring allergen-specific IgE levels, with a positive reaction defined as any value ≥0.35 kU/L |
OR per 0.2 unit increase in mean NDVI Age 6–8: BAMSE: 1.41 (1.15, 1.73) CAPPS: 0.56 (0.29, 1.06) GINI/LISA North: 0.79 (0.56, 1.10) GINI/LISA South: 1.15 (0.90, 1.48) PIAMA: 0.81 (0.62, 1.05) SAGE: 0.93 (0.65, 1.32) Pooled Result: 0.96 (0.75, 1.22) Age 10–12: GINI/LISA North: 0.72 (0.51, 1.02) GINI/LISA South: 1.27 (1.00, 1.60) MACS: 0.57 (0.34, 0.96) PIAMA: 0.83 (0.63, 1.09) Pooled Result: 0.85 (0.61, 1.18) |
NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; LiDAR: Light Detection and Ranging.