| ABCC8 | ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8 |
| Apoe | Apolipoprotein E |
| AUC | Area under the curve |
| BALB/c | Bagg albino |
| BB | Biobreeding |
| B6 | C57BL/6 |
| CCR7 | CC-chemokine receptor 7 |
| CD | Celiac disease |
| CTL | Cytotoxic T lymphocyte |
| DAISY | Diabetes autoimmunity study in the young |
| DC | Dendritic cell |
| DiViD | Diabetes virus detection study |
| FOXP3 | Forkhead box P3 |
| GALT | Gut-associated lymphoid tissue |
| gdTCR | Gamma delta T cell receptor |
| GF | Gluten-free |
| GF-HF | Gluten-free high-fat |
| GLUT-4 | Glucose transporter 4 |
| GSIS | Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion |
| HDL | High-density lipoprotein |
| HF | High-fat |
| ICAM-1 | Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 |
| IFNA | Interferon alpha |
| IFNG | Interferon gamma |
| IL | Interleukin |
| ILN | Inguinal lymph node |
| KC | Keratinocyte-derived cytokine |
| KCNJ11 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 11 |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| MIP-2 | Macrophage inflammatory protein 2 |
| MLN | Mesenteric lymph node |
| MyD88 | Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 |
| NHANES | National health and nutrition examination survey |
| NK | Natural killer |
| NOD | Non-obese diabetic |
| PBMC | Peripheral blood mononuclear cell |
| PLN | Pancreatic lymph node |
| PPARA | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha |
| PPARG | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma |
| RORGT | Retinoid orphan receptor gamma t |
| SCFA | Short-chain fatty acid |
| STD | Standard |
| TH | T helper |
| TLR | Toll-like receptor |
| TNFA | Tumor necrosis factor alpha |
| Treg | Regulatory T cell |
| tTG | Tissue transglutaminase |
| T1D | Type 1 diabetes |
| T2D | Type 2 diabetes |
| V:C | Villus-to-crypt |