Table 1.
Review of studies analyzing the effect of resveratrol on gut microbiota composition.
| Species | Resveratrol Dose | Duration | Modulation of Gut Microbiota | Effects on Metabolic Syndrome Alterations | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C57Bl/6N mice | 0.4% resveratrol (+FMT) | 2–8 weeks | ↑ Bacteroides and Parabacteroides ↓ Turicibacteraceae, Moryella, Lachnospiraceae and Akkermansia |
FMT from resveratrol-fed mice improved glucose homeostasis and lowered blood pressure. | [201,202] |
| C57Bl/6J and ApoE−/− mice | 0.4% resveratrol | 1 or 2 months | ↑ Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium | Inhibition of TMAO synthesis and reduced atherosclerosis. | [203] |
| C57Bl/6N mice | 450 mg/kg/day | 2 weeks | ↓ Bacteriodetes-to-Firmicutes ratio ↑ Parabacteroides, Bilophila and Akkermansia ↓ Lachnospiraceae |
Increased skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, glucose utilization and metabolic rate. | [204] |
| C57Bl/6J mice | 200 mg/kg/day | 8 weeks | ↓ Lactococcus, Clostridium XI, Oscillibacter & Hydrogenoanaerobacterium | Reduced fat deposition and body weight gain. | [205] |
| C57Bl/6 mice | 0.1% resveratrol, 0.1% piceatannol or 0.25% piceatannol | 18 weeks | Piceatannol: ↑ Firmicutes, Clostridiales, Shpingobacteriales, Blautia, P. kwangyangensis & Lactobacillus ↓ Bacteroidetes |
Piceatannol: Reduced body weight, perigonadal adipose tissue, adipocyte size, plasma glucose and cholesterol Resveratrol: Reduced perigonadal adipose tissue, adipocyte size |
[206] |
| Kunming mice | 200 mg/kg/day | 12 weeks | ↑ Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus & Bifidobacterium ↓ Firmicutes and Enterococcus faecalis |
Decreased body and visceral adipose weight. Lower plasma glucose and lipid levels. |
[207] |
| C57Bl/6J and Glp1r- mice | 60 mg/kg/day | 5 weeks | Restored bacterial composition of animals fed a high-fat diet. ↓ Parabacteroides jonsonii DMS 18315 (a), Alistipes putredinis DMS 17216 (b) and Bacteroides vulgatus ATCC 8482 |
Reduced glucose intolerance in diabetic mice without affecting fasting glycemia. | [208] |
| Wistar rats | Quercetin (30 mg/kg/day) and resveratrol (15 mg/kg/day) | 10 weeks | ↑ Bacteroidales S24-7 group, Christensenellaceae, Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 & Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 ↓Firmicutes & Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio |
Lower body weight gain and adipose tissue weight. | [209] |
| Zucker rat (fa/fa) | Piceatannol (15 and 45 mg/kg/day) | 6 weeks | ↓ Clostridium hathewayi | No impact on body weight and body fat, glucose, and lipid metabolic parameters. | [210] |
| Wistar rats | Trans-resveratrol (15 mg/kg/day) or trans-resveratrol + quercetin (30 mg/kg/day) | 6 weeks |
Trans-resveratrol & quercetin: ↓Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio ↓Erysipelotrichaceae, Bacillus, Eubacterium cylindroides |
Improved HOMA-IR and insulin sensitivity. | [211] |
| Sprague Dawley rats | 50 mg/L of resveratrol 50 mg/L |
3 months | ↑ Firmicutes-to-Proteobacteria ratio | Restored systolic and diastolic blood pressure. | [212] |
| Humans | EGCG (282 mg/day) + resveratrol (80 mg/day) | 12 weeks | Men: ↓ Bacteroidetes |
Increased fat oxidation and skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity. | [213] |
FMT, fecal microbiota transplant; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance; HF, high-fat; ND, normal-diet; EGCC, epigallocatechin-3-gallate; ↑, increase; ↓, decrease.