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. 2018 Nov 19;10(11):1797. doi: 10.3390/nu10111797

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effect of synbiotic supplementation for 12 weeks on hepatic morphology. (A) hepatic lipid levels, (B) hepatic morphology (X200), (C) hepatic lipotoxicity markers, (D) hepatic lipid regulating enzyme activities and (E) hepatic gene expressions in diet-induced obese mice. Data are mean ± S.E.; Significant differences ND versus HFD are indicated; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001; abc Means with different superscript letters are significantly different among the groups (p < 0.05); ND: normal diet (5% fat, w/w); HFD: high fat diet (20% fat, 1% cholesterol, w/w); LS: HFD + Lactobacillus sakei LS03 109 cfu/day; GJ: HFD + Leuconostoc kimchi GJ2 109 cfu/day; AL: HFD + 3% allulose; AL-LS: AL + Lactobacillus sakei LS03 109 cfu/day; AL-GJ: AL + Leuconostoc kimchi GJ2 109 cfu/day; AL-LSGJ: AL + Lactobacillus sakei LS03 + L. Leuconostoc kimchi GJ2 109 cfu/each/day; GOT: glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; GPT: glutamic pyruvic transaminase; G6PD: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; ME: malic enzyme; FAS: fatty acid synthase; ACC1: acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1; CPT: carnitine palmitoyltransferase.