Table 4.
Effect of synbiotic supplementation for 12 weeks on plasma lipid profiles in diet-induced obese mice.
| ND | HFD | LS | GJ | AL | AL-LS | AL-GJ | AL-LSGJ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.80 ± 0.05 ** | 0.98 ± 0.05 b | 0.87 ± 0.05 ab | 0.83 ± 0.05 a | 0.78 ± 0.05 a | 0.75 ± 0.06 a | 0.82 ± 0.03 a | 0.73 ± 0.03 a |
| Total-C (mmol/L) | 3.37 ± 0.14 *** | 5.29 ± 0.22 c | 4.62 ± 0.26 bc | 4.56 ± 0.18 bc | 4.81 ± 0.29 bc | 4.85 ± 0.26 bc | 4.32 ± 0.30 a | 4.32 ± 0.15 a |
| FFA (mmol/L) | 0.71 ± 0.01 * | 0.77 ± 0.02 b | 0.74 ± 0.02 ab | 0.72 ± 0.02 ab | 0.73 ± 0.02 ab | 0.71 ± 0.02 ab | 0.75 ± 0.02 ab | 0.69 ± 0.02 a |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.03 ± 0.06 *** | 1.62 ± 0.04 a | 1.64 ± 0.11 a | 1.76 ± 0.07 ab | 1.75 ± 0.09 ab | 1.71 ± 0.06 ab | 1.58 ± 0.08 a | 1.88 ± 0.06 b |
| nonHDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.45 ± 0.12 *** | 3.79 ± 0.19 b | 2.96 ± 0.17 a | 2.78 ± 0.16 a | 3.10 ± 0.21 a | 3.15 ± 0.14 a | 2.59 ± 0.20 a | 2.69 ± 0.13 a |
| HTR (%) | 30.63 ± 0.63 | 29.29 ± 0.73 a | 35.46 ± 0.64 b | 36.80 ± 1.17 b | 35.80 ± 1.15 b | 35.04 ± 1.51 b | 37.03 ± 1.03 b | 37.90 ± 1.07 b |
| AI | 2.24 ± 0.07 | 2.46 ± 0.10 b | 1.80 ± 0.04 a | 1.69 ± 0.10 a | 1.87 ± 0.09 a | 1.82 ± 0.11 a | 1.76 ± 0.08 a | 1.72 ± 0.07 a |
| ApoA-I (mg/dL) | 44.72 ± 0.43 | 44.87 ± 0.42 b | 43.39 ± 0.28 a | 44.51 ± 0.32 ab | 44.61 ± 0.75 ab | 43.91 ± 0.51 ab | 45.20 ± 0.42 b | 49.05 ± 0.60 c |
| ApoB 100 (mg/dL) | 2.74 ± 0.24 *** | 5.91 ± 0.61 b | 5.10 ± 0.38 ab | 4.62 ± 0.82 ab | 5.10 ± 0.25 ab | 5.07 ± 0.59 ab | 3.78 ± 0.35 a | 3.37 ± 0.37 a |
| ApoA-I/ApoB | 19.01 ± 0.97 *** | 8.56 ± 0.72 a | 8.85 ± 0.51 a | 11.97 ± 1.43 ab | 8.89 ± 0.39 a | 10.13 ± 1.43 ab | 13.15 ± 1.47 bc | 16.30 ± 2.09 c |
Data are mean ± S.E.; Significant differences ND versus HFD are indicated; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; abc Means with different superscript letters are significantly different among the groups (p < 0.05); ND: normal diet (5% fat, w/w); HFD: high fat diet (20% fat, 1% cholesterol, w/w); LS: HFD + Lactobacillus sakei LS03 109 cfu/day; GJ: HFD + Leuconostoc kimchi GJ2 109 cfu/day; AL: HFD + 3% allulose; AL-LS: AL + Lactobacillus sakei LS03 109 cfu/day; AL-GJ: AL + Leuconostoc kimchi GJ2 109 cfu/day; AL-LSGJ: AL + Lactobacillus sakei LS03 + L. Leuconostoc kimchi GJ2 109 cfu/each/day; HTR: (HDL-C /Total-C) ×100; AI: atherogenic index = (Total-C) − (HDL-C)/(HDL-C); ApoA-I: ApoB ratio; TG: triglyceride; FFA: free fatty acid; Total-C: total-cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.