Table 6.
ORs (95% CI) for metabolic syndrome and its components according to the quartiles of heme iron intake (mg/day) among men in the SDHS 2012–2013.
| Quartiles of Dietary Iron Intake, ORs (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p-Value for Trend 1 | |
| Heme Iron Intake (mg/day) | <0.93 | (0.93–1.40) | (1.40–2.02) | ≥2.02 | |
| n | 357 | 358 | 357 | 358 | |
| Metabolic syndrome | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 1.27(0.89,1.81) | 1.09(0.76,1.56) | 1.21(0.85,1.73) | 0.547 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 1.38(0.94,2.02) | 1.12(0.75,1.68) | 1.21(0.80,1.82) | 0.415 |
| Metabolic syndrome components | |||||
| Elevated blood pressure | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 0.99(0.76,1.28) | 0.73(0.57,0.95) * | 0.85(0.66,1.09) | 0.059 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 1.29(0.95,1.75) | 1.05(0.77,1.43) | 1.23(0.89,1.69) | 0.308 |
| Elevated waist circumference | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 1.25(0.91,1.69) | 1.37(1.01,1.86) * | 1.82(1.36,2.45) ** | 0.001 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 1.26(0.91,1.76) | 1.33(0.95,1.86) | 1.89(1.35,2.65) ** | 0.003 |
| Elevated fasting glucose | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 1.02(0.76,1.36) | 0.85(0.63,1.14) | 0.92(0.69,1.23) | 0.597 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 1.12(0.82,1.54) | 1.02(0.73,1.42) | 1.18(0.84,1.65) | 0.729 |
| Elevated triglycerides | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 1.02(0.78,1.35) | 1.06(0.81,1.39) | 1.01(0.77,1.33) | 0.978 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 0.90(0.67,1.22) | 0.96(0.71,1.30) | 0.82(0.59,1.12) | 0.607 |
| Reduced HDL-C | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 1.06(0.71,1.59) | 1.03(0.69,1.54) | 1.06(0.71,1.58) | 0.991 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 1.05(0.68,1.61) | 0.96(0.62,1.49) | 0.98(0.62,1.55) | 0.982 |
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001. 1 The p-value for the trend was examined using the medians in each quartile of dietary iron intake. 2 The models were adjusted for age, income, physical activity level, intentional physical exercise, smoking status, alcohol use, and dietary total energy intake.