Table 9.
ORs (95% CI) for metabolic syndrome and its components according to the quartiles of heme iron intake (mg/day) among women in the SDHS 2012–2013.
| Quartiles of Dietary Iron Intake, ORs (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p-Value for Trend 1 | |
| Heme Iron Intake (mg/day) | <0.76 | (0.76–1.19) | (1.19–1.81) | ≥1.81 | |
| n | 416 | 419 | 419 | 415 | |
| Metabolic syndrome | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 0.88(0.65,1.19) | 0.81(0.60,1.11) | 0.74(0.54,1.01) | 0.273 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 1.08(0.78,1.52) | 1.06(0.75,1.51) | 1.08(0.74,1.57) | 0.967 |
| Metabolic syndrome components | |||||
| Elevated blood pressure | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 0.71(0.55,0.90) ** | 0.63(0.49,0.80) ** | 0.58(0.45,0.74) ** | 0.000 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 0.93(0.69,1.26) | 0.90(0.67,1.23) | 0.91(0.66,1.26) | 0.924 |
| Elevated waist circumference | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 0.94(0.74,1.21) | 0.91(0.71,1.16) | 0.77(0.59,0.99) * | 0.193 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 1.18(0.90,1.54) | 1.22(0.92,1.61) | 1.05(0.78,1.42) | 0.439 |
| Elevated fasting glucose | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 0.85(0.63,1.13) | 0.75(0.55,1.00) | 0.87(0.65,1.17) | 0.285 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 0.98(0.72,1.35) | 0.94(0.67,1.30) | 1.12(0.79,1.58) | 0.755 |
| Elevated triglycerides | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 1.06(0.79,1.41) | 1.01(0.76,1.35) | 1.00(0.75,1.34) | 0.979 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 1.17(0.87,1.59) | 1.14(0.83,1.57) | 1.20(0.86,1.67) | 0.700 |
| Reduced HDL-C | |||||
| Crude model | Reference | 1.13(0.83,1.55) | 1.54(1.13,2.09) ** | 1.11(0.81,1.53) | 0.033 |
| Adjusted model 2 | Reference | 1.24(0.89,1.73) | 1.65(1.18,2.31) ** | 1.25(0.87,1.79) | 0.027 |
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001. 1 The p-value for the trend was examined using medians in each quartile of dietary iron intake. 2 The models were adjusted for age, income, physical activity level, intentional physical exercise, smoking status, alcohol use, and dietary total energy intake.