Preclinical studies |
Pure EA |
60 mg/kg body weight |
Chemopreventive effect |
DHM-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats |
[34] |
|
Pomegranate fruit juice (PFJ) |
60 mg/kg body weight |
|
Transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate (TRAP) model |
[65] |
|
|
50 mg/kg body weight |
|
NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats; NDEA induced lung carcinogenesis in mice |
[73,104,105] |
|
|
12 µg/mL |
|
DHM-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats |
[35] |
|
|
60 mg/kg body weight |
Apoptosis induction through AKT-PI3K pathway inhibition |
DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model |
[115] |
|
|
|
|
Glioblastoma xenografted mice |
[120] |
|
|
0.1–0.4% of the diet |
Suppressed carcinogenesis through Wnt pathway inactivation |
Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 xenograft |
[51] |
|
Pure EA |
40 µg/g body weight |
Inhibition of tumour growth and angiogenesis |
Bladder cancer xenografts in nude mice |
[84] |
|
|
50 or 100 mg/kg |
|
Immunodeficient murine model of prostate cancer |
[64] |
|
EA+lutheolin+punicic acid from pomegranate extract |
40 mg/kg |
|
DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model |
[115] |
|
EA; Lutheolin; pomegranate fruit juice |
64 µg/component/day; 50 mg/kg body weight; 20 ml/kg body weight |
|
Nude mice heterotopically transplanted with human ovarian ES-2 cancer cells |
[109] |
|
EA dispersion (1% w/v) in water; propyleneglycol (10:90 v/v) |
20 µL, topically |
Suppression of melanogenesis |
Brownish-guinea pigs UV light-irradiated; B16 melanoma cells-inoculated C57BL/l mice |
[81] |
|
EA and black raspberries |
0.4%; 5–10% of the diet |
Inhibition of tumour cell proliferation and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers |
4NQO-induced rat oral cancer model |
[116] |
Clinical studies |
Pomegranate extract |
900 mg |
Modification in gene expression pattern |
Colorectal patients |
[38] |
|
Pomegranate extract |
2000 mg daily |
No change in oxidative damage |
Prostate cancer patients |
[68] |
|
Pomegranate extract |
1000 or 3000 daily |
Prolongation of PSA doubling time |
Prostate cancer patients |
[69] |
|
Pure EA |
|
Better response to traditional drugs and reduced systemic toxicity |
Prostate cancer patients |
[66] |
|
Pomegranate juice |
180 mg daily |
Protective effect against cancer |
Prostate cancer patients |
[67] |
|
Pomegranate juice |
90–450 mL daily |
Prolongation of PSA doubling time |
Prostate cancer patients |
[70] |