Table 1.
Prehospital characteristics and medical history of all patients.
| Total n = 810 |
< 75 years n = 622 |
⩾ 75 years n = 188 |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age* | 63 ± 15 | 57 ± 12 | 81 ± 5 | <0.001 |
| Male sex (%) | 572 (71%) | 448 (72%) | 124 (66%) | 0.110 |
| Prehospital characteristics | ||||
| Location (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Home | 374 (46%) | 280 (45%) | 94 (50%) | |
| Public place | 190 (24%) | 164 (26%) | 26 (14%) | |
| Other | 116 (14%) | 91 (15%) | 25 (13%) | |
| Ambulance | 60 (7%) | 47 (8%) | 13 (7%) | |
| Unknown | 70 (9%) | 40 (6%) | 30 (16%) | |
| Witnessed arrest (%) | 642 (79%) | 504 (81%) | 138 (73%) | 0.964 |
| Bystander CPR (%) | 460 (57%) | 366 (59%) | 94 (50%) | 0.160 |
| Initial rhythm (%) | <0.001 | |||
| VF | 518 (64%) | 421 (68%) | 97 (52%) | |
| PEA | 149 (18%) | 97 (16%) | 52 (28%) | |
| Asystole | 116 (14%) | 84 (14%) | 32 (17%) | |
| Pulseless VT | 27 (3%) | 20 (3%) | 7 (4%) | |
| ROSC before ED arrival (%) | 473 (58%) | 374 (60%) | 99 (53%) | 0.013 |
| ROSC (%) | 551 (68%) | 426 (69%) | 125 (67%) | 0.606 |
| Cardiovascular history and risk factors | ||||
| History of CVD (%) | 257 (32%) | 169 (27%) | 88 (48%) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction (%) | 148 (18%) | 98 (16%) | 50 (27%) | <0.001 |
| STEMI (%) | 131 (16%) | 86 (14%) | 45 (24%) | <0.001 |
| PCI (%) | 61 (8%) | 46 (7%) | 15 (8%) | 0.680 |
| CABG (%) | 57 (7%) | 31 (5%) | 26 (14%) | <0.001 |
| Angina (%) | 79 (10%) | 49 (8%) | 30 (16%) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular accident (%) | 51 (6%) | 33 (5%) | 18 (10%) | 0.024 |
| History of VF (%) | 16 (2%) | 11 (2%) | 5 (3%) | 0.400 |
| Malignancy (%) | 35 (4%) | 16 (4%) | 19 (10%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 196 (24%) | 141 (23%) | 55 (29%) | 0.031 |
| Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 78 (10%) | 65 (11%) | 13 (7%) | 0.180 |
| Diabetes (%) | 108 (13%) | 72 (12%) | 36 (19%) | 0.004 |
| Medication history | ||||
| Beta blocker (%) | 185 (23%) | 124 (20%) | 61 (32%) | <0.001 |
| ACE inhibitor (%) | 125 (15%) | 80 (13%) | 45 (24%) | <0.001 |
| AT-II receptor antagonist (%) | 56 (7%) | 39 (6%) | 17 (9%) | 0.043 |
| Diuretics (%) | 142 (18%) | 87 (14%) | 55 (29%) | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelet therapy (%) | 126 (16%) | 83 (13%) | 43 (23%) | <0.001 |
| Coumarin derivatives (%) | 110 (14%) | 72 (12%) | 38 (20%) | <0.001 |
| Statins (%) | 150 (19%) | 107 (17%) | 43 (23%) | 0.003 |
| Antiarrhythmics (%) | 33 (4%) | 18 (3%) | 15 (8%) | <0.001 |
| Oral antidiabetic therapy (%) | 57 (7%) | 37 (6%) | 20 (11%) | 0.003 |
| Insulin (%) | 35 (4%) | 30 (5%) | 5 (3%) | 0.390 |
*
Mean ± standard deviation.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AT, angiotensin; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ED, emergency department; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia.