Table 2.
Baseline characteristics 1 of the study population overall and according to tertiles of dietary intake of total polyphenols, NutriNet-Santé Cohort, France, 2009–2017.
| Sex-Specific Tertiles 4 of Total Polyphenol | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | T1 | T2 | T3 | p 2 | |||||
| N | 84,158 | 28,052 | 28,053 | 28,053 | |||||
| Age (years) | 44.1 | (14.5) | 37.1 | (14.4) | 45.9 | (14.1) | 49.3 | (12.8) | <0.0001 |
| Sex | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Men | 17,931 | (21.3) | 5977 | (21.3) | 5977 | (21.3) | 5977 | (21.3) | |
| Women | 66,227 | (78.7) | 22,075 | (78.7) | 22,076 | (78.7) | 22,076 | (78.7) | |
| Educational level | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| <high-school degree | 29,848 | (35.5) | 11,078 | (39.5) | 9811 | (35.0) | 8959 | (31.9) | |
| ≥high-school degree | 54,310 | (64.5) | 16,974 | (60.5) | 18,242 | (65.0) | 19,094 | (68.1) | |
| Smoking status | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| Non smokers | 42,572 | (50.6) | 16,079 | (57.3) | 13,935 | (49.7) | 9012 | (32.1) | |
| Former smokers | 28,533 | (33.9) | 7522 | (26.8) | 9904 | (35.3) | 10,642 | (37.9) | |
| Current smokers | 13,053 | (15.5) | 4451 | (15.9) | 4214 | (15.0) | 4936 | (17.6) | |
| Categories of BMI 3 (kg/m2) | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| <25 kg/m2 | 59,395 | (70.6) | 19,498 | (69.5) | 19,695 | (70.2) | 20,202 | (72.0) | |
| ≥25 to <30 kg/m2 | 17,594 | (20.9) | 5816 | (20.7) | 6069 | (21.6) | 5709 | (20.4) | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 7169 | (8.52) | 2738 | (9.76) | 2289 | (8.16) | 2142 | (7.64) | |
| Family history of cardiovascular disease (yes) | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| No | 66,234 | (78.7) | 23,317 | (83.2) | 21,769 | (77.6) | 21,148 | (75.4) | |
| Yes | 17,924 | (21.3) | 4735 | (16.9) | 6284 | (22.4) | 6905 | (24.6) | |
| Energy without alcohol (Kcal/day) | 1869 | (467) | 1731 | (431) | 1870 | (439) | 2007 | (495) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol (g/day) | 7.89 | (11.4) | 5.49 | (9.51) | 8.26 | (11.0) | 9.91 | (13.1) | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity 5 | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| High | 23,847 | (28.3) | 6802 | (24.3) | 8033 | (28.6) | 9012 | (32.1) | |
| Moderate | 31,152 | (37.0) | 10,005 | (35.7) | 10,505 | (37.5) | 10,642 | (37.9) | |
| Low | 17,145 | (20.4) | 6563 | (23.4) | 5646 | (20.1) | 4936 | (17.6) | |
| Missing data | 12,014 | (14.3) | 4682 | (16.7) | 3869 | (13.8) | 3463 | (12.3) | |
| Number of 24 h dietary records | 6.61 | (2.85) | 6.13 | (2.77) | 6.80 | (2.83) | 6.90 | (2.87) | <0.0001 |
1 Values are mean (± Standard deviation) for quantitative variables and frequencies N (%) for qualitative variables. 2 p-Value for the comparison between tertiles of total polyphenol intake (sum of individual polyphenols), chi-squared for categorical variables or Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test for continuous variables. 3 BMI: Body Mass Index = Weight (kg)/height (m)2. 4 Sex-specific cut-offs for tertiles of total intake of polyphenols (sum of individual polyphenols) were 745/1114 for women and 850/1239 for men. 5 Computed following IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) recommendations.