Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the healthy and normal ageing group * in the follow-up wave.
| Country | Cuba | Dominican Republic | Mexico | Peru | Puerto Rico | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Healthy Ageing (n = 494) | Normal Ageing (n = 1513) | Healthy Ageing (n = 234) | Normal Ageing (n = 963) | Healthy Ageing (n = 153) | Normal Ageing (n = 1309) | Healthy Ageing (n = 579) | Normal Ageing (n = 732) | Healthy Ageing (n = 188) | Normal Ageing (n = 1077) |
| Age (mean, SD) | 70.9 ± 4.61 | 74.87 ± 6.65 † | 70.89 ± 5.17 | 74.7 ± 6.97 † | 69.9 ± 4.00 | 74.2 ± 6.35 † | 71.1 ± 5.20 | 76.7 ± 7.21 † | 72.0 ± 4.56 | 75.7 ± 6.65 † |
| Gender-Female | 291 (58.9%) | 1041 (68.8%) † | 140 (60.1%) | 689 (71.6%) † | 99 (64.7%) | 845 (64.6%) | 343 (59.2%) | 474 (64.8%) † | 141 (75.0%) | 728 (67.8%) |
| Education Level-above primary | 440 (89.4%) | 1099 (72.7%) † | 101 (43.2%) | 259 (27.1%) † | 87 (57.2%) | 355 (27.1%) † | 493 (86.2%) | 559 (77.0%) † | 164 (87.2%) | 846 (78.9%) † |
| Never smoking | 244 (49.6%) | 589 (56.9%) † | 124 (53.0%) | 523 (54.4%) | 91 (59.5%) | 913 (69.7%) † | 471 (81.8%) | 625 (85.9%) † | 150 (79.8%) | 789 (73.5%) |
| Moderate alcohol consumption | 53 (10.9%) | 140 (9.4%) | 19 (8.3%) | 52 (5.4%) | 30 (19.7%) | 225 (17.3%) | 21 (3.7%) | 30 (4.2%) | 21 (11.2%) | 92 (8.6%) |
| Physical activity (very or fairly) | 425 (86.6%) | 1047 (69.4%) † | 188 (80.7%) | 626 (65.3%) † | 133 (86.9%) | 841 (64.6%) † | 471 (81.6%) | 462 (63.6%) † | 176 (93.6%) | 722 (67.3%) † |
| Fruits/vegetable consumption (≥3 servings in the last 3 days) | 409 (83.1%) | 1130 (74.8%) † | 138 (59.0%) | 460 (48.7%) † | 116 (76.3%) | 931 (71.5%) | 477 (83.1%) | 593 (82.4%) | 156 (83.0%) | 807 (75.3%) † |
Notes: SD: standard deviation; †: p-value of the t test or the χ2 < 0.05. * healthy ageing group includes those participants who in the follow-up assessment were in the two highest fifths of the healthy ageing score distribution (i.e., better health level) and normal ageing group those who were in the three lowest fifths; percentages in the parentheses are calculated in the non-missing cases in the covariates.