Table 3.
Associations between number of healthy behaviours, healthy ageing and survival.
| Country | Healthy Ageing * | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR † (95% CI) | ||||
| Number of Healthy Behaviours Compared to Zero or One | ||||
| Two | Three | Four | Two-Four | |
| Cuba | 1.67 (1.23–2.29) | 2.12 (1.54–2.92) | 1.74 (0.77–3.96) | 1.86 (1.39–2.49) |
| Dominican Republic | 1.64 (1.16–2.32) | 1.98 (1.32–2.96) | 2.48 (0.78–7.86) | 1.77 (1.28–2.43) |
| Mexico | 1.29 (0.74–2.24) | 1.31 (0.74–2.33) | 2.75 (1.04–7.26) | 1.35 (0.80–2.29) |
| Peru | 0.98 (0.64–1.51) | 1.64 (1.08–2.49) | 1.14 (0.21–6.22) | 1.31 (0.88–1.96) |
| Puerto Rico | 1.63 (0.84–3.17) | 4.21 (2.25–7.87) | 4.93 (1.77–13.71) | 2.92 (1.60–5.36) |
| Pooled Effect | 1.46 (1.22–1.76) | 2.00 (1.65–2.42) | 2.46 (1.54–3.92) | 1.72 (1.45–2.05) |
| I2; p-value | 16.0%; 0.313 | 53.0%; 0.074 | 0.0%; 0.509 | 31.5%; 0.211 |
| Survival * | ||||
| Adjusted OR † (95% CI) | ||||
| Cuba | 1.57 (1.24–2.00) | 2.17 (1.66–2.85) | 3.53 (1.21–10.28) | 1.80 (1.44–2.24) |
| Dominican Republic | 1.45 (1.13–1.88) | 1.71 (1.22–2.40) | 1.80 (0.48–6.72) | 1.53 (1.21–1.93) |
| Mexico | 1.79 (1.24–2.60) | 2.19 (1.42–3.36) | 2.13 (0.79–5.68) | 1.94 (1.37–2.75) |
| Peru | 1.52 (0.90–2.55) | 2.91 (1.66–5.12) | 1.80 (0.26–12.22) | 2.02 (1.22–3.34) |
| Puerto Rico | 1.84 (1.33–2.54) | 3.44 (2.34–5.05) | 4.11 (1.18–14.28) | 2.35 (1.73–3.18) |
| Pooled Effect | 1.60 (1.40–1.84) | 2.29 (1.94–2.69) | 2.64 (1.53–4.54) | 1.83 (1.61–2.08) |
| I2; p-value | 0.0%; 0.790 | 50.3%; 0.090 | 0.0%; 0.840 | 22.0%; 0.274 |
Notes: CI: confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; I2: heterogeneity. *: healthy ageing compared to normal ageing or death; survival (healthy or normal ageing) compared to death; number of participants per country: Cuba: 2557, Dominican Republic: 1608, Mexico: 1633, Peru: 1392, Puerto Rico: 1554. †: models are adjusted for age, gender, education level and all other lifestyle behaviour variables.