Distribution of TA families in S. aureus, E. coli, Mycobacterium, P. aruginosa, and S. typhimurium. The selected TA families were compared with the reported TA families of other bacteria. The highest number of TA systems in Mycobacterium is 50 VapBC, 10 MazEF, 8 PTS, and 3 HigBA TA systems. P. aruginosa has 13 RelBE, 7 VapBC, and 3 HicBA systems. E. coli has 7 GNATs, 6 RelBE, 5 nuclease toxins, and 4 each HigBA and HicBA systems. S. typhimurium has 6 RelBE, 2 VapBC, and 2 nuclease toxins. Seven type I toxins were found in S. aureus, 4 in E. coli, 2 in S. typhimurium, and 1 in Mycobacterium. The HipBA TA system was the rarest family that has not been discovered in any bacteria except E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus.