Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study sample and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) score during acute chikungunya virus infection, Mexico 2015.
| Overall | PHQ-2 score | p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | <3, n (%) | ≥3, n (%) | |||||
| Total | 354 | 198 | 156 | ||||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 114 | (32.2) | 70 | (35.3) | 44 | (28.2) | 0.153 |
| Female | 240 | (67.8) | 128 | (64.7) | 112 | (71.8) | |
| Age (years) | |||||||
| <40 | 174 | (49.2) | 90 | (45.5) | 84 | (53.8) | 0.117 |
| ≥40 | 180 | (50.8) | 108 | (54.5) | 72 | (46.2) | |
| Diagnostic criteria a | |||||||
| Clinical and epidemiological data | 137 | (38.7) | 78 | (39.4) | 59 | (37.8) | 0.763 |
| Laboratory-positive | 217 | (61.3) | 120 | (60.6) | 97 | (62.2) | |
| Self-reported history of: | |||||||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus (yes) | 46 | (13.0) | 24 | (12.1) | 22 | (14.1) | 0.582 |
| Arterial hypertension (yes) | 74 | (20.9) | 46 | (23.3) | 28 | (18.0) | 0.225 |
| Osteoarthritis (any site, yes) | 38 | (10.7) | 22 | (11.1) | 16 | (10.3) | 0.796 |
| At acute disease: | |||||||
| Fever (yes) | 322 | (91.0) | 178 | (89.9) | 144 | (92.3) | 0.433 |
| Articular effusion (any site, yes) | 292 | (82.5) | 146 | (73.4) | 146 | (93.6) | <0.001 |
| Rash (yes) | 282 | (79.7) | 164 | (82.8) | 118 | (75.6) | 0.095 |
| Headache (yes) | 316 | (89.3) | 176 | (88.9) | 140 | (89.7) | 0.796 |
| Fatigue (yes) | 338 | (95.5) | 184 | (92.3) | 154 | (98.7) | 0.009 |
| Gastrointestinal manifestations (yes) b | 140 | (39.5) | 64 | (32.3) | 76 | (48.7) | 0.002 |
| Arthralgia sites (n) | |||||||
| <8 | 182 | (51.4) | 114 | (57.6) | 68 | (43.6) | 0.009 |
| ≥8 | 172 | (48.6) | 84 | (42.4) | 88 | (56.4) | |
| Severity of articular pain c | |||||||
| Mild-moderate | 28 | (7.9) | 20 | (10.1) | 8 | (5.1) | 0.085 |
| Severe | 326 | (92.1) | 178 | (89.9) | 148 | (94.9) | |
| Length of severe arthralgia (days) | |||||||
| 1–14 | 158 | (44.6) | 106 | (53.5) | 52 | (33.3) | <0.001 |
| 15–30 | 82 | (23.2) | 32 | (16.2) | 50 | (32.1) | |
| 30 or more | 114 | (32.2) | 60 | (30.3) | 54 | (34.6) | |
The p-value from chi-squared tests is presented. a The diagnostic criteria of acute chikungunya infection included the abrupt onset of severe (incapacitating) polyarthralgia after the autochthonous transmission of the virus was documented or laboratory evidence (real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR) in venous blood samples from symptomatic individuals. b The gastrointestinal manifestations included the presence of diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. c An auto-declarative numeric rating scale (NRS) ranging from 0 to 10 was used (mild-moderate pain, < 7 points; severe pain, ≥ 7 points).