Table 2.
Markers associated with the risk of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 score ≥3) during the acute chikungunya virus infection, Mexico 2015.
| Univariate Analysis | Multiple Analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Female | 1.39 | (0.88–2.19) | 0.154 | 1.02 | (0.61–1.70) | 0.940 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| <40 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥40 | 0.71 | (0.47–1.09) | 0.117 | 0.55 | (0.31–0.95) | 0.031 |
| Self-reported history of any chronic non-communicable disease a | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 0.76 | (0.49–1.20) | 0.244 | 1.11 | (0.62–1.97) | 0.732 |
| At acute disease: | ||||||
| Articular effusion (any site) | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 5.20 | (2.54–10.62) | <0.001 | 3.37 | (1.77–8.11) | 0.001 |
| Rash | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 0.64 | (0.38–1.08) | 0.097 | 0.54 | (0.30–0.98) | 0.042 |
| Fatigue | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 5.86 | (1.31–26.18) | 0.021 | 4.39 | (0.90–21.44) | 0.067 |
| Gastrointestinal manifestations b | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 1.99 | (1.29–3.07) | 0.002 | 1.97 | (1.21–3.19) | 0.006 |
| Arthralgia sites (n) | ||||||
| <8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥8 | 1.76 | (1.15–2.68) | 0.009 | 1.33 | (0.83–2.11) | 0.235 |
| Severity of articular pain c | ||||||
| Mild–moderate | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Severe | 1.44 | (0.94–2.20) | 0.091 | 1.08 | (0.67–1.72) | 0.759 |
| Length of severe arthralgia (days) | ||||||
| 1–14 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 15–30 | 3.19 | (1.83–5.54) | <0.001 | 3.38 | (1.78–6.41) | <0.001 |
| 30 or more | 1.83 | (1.12–3.01) | 0.016 | 1.69 | (0.95–3.01) | 0.071 |
The prevalence Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated by means of unconditional logistic regression models are presented. a Type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and osteoarthritis are included. b The gastrointestinal manifestations included the presence of diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. c An auto-declarative numeric rating scale (NRS) ranging from 0 to 10 was used (mild–moderate pain, < 7 points; severe pain, ≥ 7 points).