Table 5.
Patient-Reported Variables Comparing Acupuncture and Usual Care Groups at 6 and 12 Months
| 6 months | 12 months | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Acupuncture N, mean (SD) | Usual care alone N, mean (SD) | Difference (95% CI) | p | Acupuncture N, mean (SD) | Usual care alone N, mean (SD) | Difference (95% CI) | p |
| Chronic Pain Self Efficacy Scale (scored 0 to 8) | 151, 4.80 (1.80) | 139, 3.92 (1.52) | 0.82 (−0.49 to 1.16) | <0.001 | 144, 4.88 (1.79) | 139, 4.14 (1.68) | 0.65 (0.18 to 1.13) | 0.009 |
| Perceived Stress Scale (scored 0 to 16) | 151, 5.85 (3.29) | 144, 5.67 (3.23) | 0.14 (−0.58 to 0.87) | 0.69 | 145, 5.92 (3.43) | 140, 5.84 (3.48) | 0.11 (−0.53 to 0.75) | 0.74 |
| “Can you use/apply the things you learned from the treatment in everyday life situations to reduce pain?”(0 to 4) | 147, 1.75 (1.21) | 125, 1.45 (1.11) | 0.29 (−0.01 to 0.60) | 0.06 | 144, 1.70 (1.16) | 128, 1.48 (1.09) | 0.23 (−0.06 to 0.52) | 0.12 |
| Number of lifestyle changes (1 to 5) | 156, 1.46 (1.50) | 148, 0.41 (0.86) | 1.04 (0.73 to 1.36) | <0.001 | 150, 1.38 (1.36) | 144, 0.58 (1.13) | 0.81 (0.55 to 1.07) | <0.001 |
| “To what extent are you able to put into practice the advice you received?”(0 to 10) | 107, 5.68 (3.13) | 43, 4.28 (3.20) | 1.52 (0.48 to 2.55) | 0.005 | 104, 5.46 (2.80) | 44, 5.16 (3.26) | 0.30 (−0.95 to 1.55) | 0.63 |
| To what extent are the changes you have been making helpful to you?(0 to 10) | 106, 5.77 (3.07) | 45, 4.29 (2.98) | 1.52 (0.53 to 2.50) | 0.004 | 103, 5.76 (2.75) | 46, 4.91 (2.95) | 0.82 (−0.49 to 2.12) | 0.21 |
| 6 months | 12 months | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic (Yes/No responses) | Acupuncture | Usual care alone | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p | Acupuncture | Usual care alone | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p |
| “Did you learn to improve the way you live and care for yourself?” | 87/149 (58.4) | 29/128 (22.7) | 5.35 (3.47 to 8.23) | <0.001 | 90/144 (62.5) | 31/123 (25.2) | 5.39 (3.32 to 8.74) | <0.001 |
| Did you make any changes to | N = 156 | N = 148 | N = 150 | N = 144 | ||||
| Diet | 32 (20.5) | 8 (5.4) | 5.32 (2.29 to 12.32) | <0.001 | 28 (18.7) | 13 (9.0) | 2.74 (1.45 to 5.21) | 0.002 |
| Exercise | 48 (30.8) | 27 (18.2) | 2.10 (1.17 to 3.79) | 0.01 | 52 (34.7) | 24 (16.7) | 2.62 (1.57 to 4.38) | <0.001 |
| Relaxation | 67 (42.9) | 13 (8.8) | 8.14 (4.13 to 16.05) | <0.001 | 60 (40.0) | 16 (11.1) | 6.06 (3.86 to 9.52) | <0.001 |
| Rest | 45 (28.8) | 8 (5.4) | 7.22 (3.31 to 15.78) | <0.001 | 41 (27.3) | 18 (12.5) | 2.85 (1.63 to 5.01) | <0.001 |
| Work | 35 (22.4) | 5 (3.4) | 8.19 (3.75 to 17.86) | <0.001 | 26 (17.3) | 12 (8.3) | 2.22 (1.03 to 4.75) | 0.04 |
The analyses made adjustments for baseline NPQ scores, duration of neck pain, age, gender, and city as a fixed effect and GP practice as a random effect using robust standard errors.