Table A1.
Adjusted variables of each study.
| Study | Adjusted Variables |
|---|---|
| Abbey et al. (1999) [15] | Education, smoking status, and alcohol use |
| Hoek et al. (2002) [16] | Age, sex, smoking status, education, occupation, SEP, BMI, alcohol consumption, total fat intake, vegetable consumption, and fruit consumption |
| Nafstad et al. (2004) [17] | Age, education, smoking habits, leisure-time physical activity, occupation, and risk groups for cardiovascular diseases |
| Filleul et al. (2005) [18] | Age; sex; smoking habits; educational level; BMI; and occupational exposure to dust, gases, and fumes |
| Boldo et al. (2006) [19] | Not available |
| Brunekreef et al. (2009) [20] | Age, sex, and smoking status |
| McKean-Cowdin et al. (2009) [21] | Age, sex, race, education level, number of colds in the past year, family history of brain cancer, previous radium treatment, number of head/neck X-rays, and use of vitamins |
| Cao et al. (2010) [22] | Age, sex, BMI, physical activity, education, smoking status, age at starting to smoke, years smoked, cigarettes per day, alcohol intake, and hypertension |
| Poppe CA et al. (2011) [23] | Age, sex, smoking status, education, marital status, BMI, alcohol consumption, occupational exposures, and diet |
| Hart et al. (2011) [24] | Age, calendar year, decade of hire, region of residence, race, ethnicity, census region of residence, the healthy worker survivor effect, and years of work in each of the job groups |
| Katanoda et al. (2011) [25] | Age, sex, smoking status, pack-years, smoking status of family members living together, daily green and yellow vegetable consumption, daily fruit consumption, and use of indoor charcoal or briquette braziers for heating |
| Lipsett et al. (2011) [26] | Age, race, smoking status, total pack-years, BMI, marital status, alcohol consumption, second-hand smoke exposure at home, dietary fat, dietary fiber, dietary calories, physical activity, menopausal status, hormone therapy use, family history of MI or stroke, blood pressure medication, aspirin use, and contextual variables (income, income inequality, education, population size, racial composition, and unemployment) |
| Lepeule et al. (2012) [27] | Age, sex, time in the study, BMI, education, and smoking history |
| Hales et al. (2013) [28] | Age, sex, ethnicity, social deprivation, income, education, smoking history, and ambient temperature |
| Hu et al. (2013) [29] | Age, race, marital status, cancer stage, year diagnosed, education, income, and accessibility to medical resources |
| Carey et al. (2013) [30] | Age, sex, smoking, BMI, and education |
| Cesaroni et al. (2013) [31] | Sex, marital status, place of birth, education, occupation, and SEP |
| Heinrich et al. (2013) [32] | Educational level and smoking history |
| Yorifuji et al. (2013) [33] | Age, sex, smoking category, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, financial capability, and area mean income |
| Fischer et al. (2015) [34] | Age, sex, marital status, region of origin, standardized household income, and neighborhood social status |
| Ancona et al. (2015) [35] | Age, gender, education, occupation, civil status, area-based SEP index, and outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration |
| Chen et al. (2016) [36] | Age, gender, marital status, education, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, occupational exposures, and leisure exercise |
| Eckel et al. (2016) [37] | Age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education index, SEP, rural-urban commuting area, distance to primary interstate highway, histology at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, and initial treatment |
| Weichenthal et al. (2016) [38] | Age, sex, aboriginal ancestry, visible minority status, immigrant status, marital status, highest level of education, employment status, occupational classification, and household income |
| Wong et al. (2016) [39] | Age, gender, BMI, smoking status, exercise frequency, education level, and personal monthly expenditure |
| Cohen et al. (2016) [40] | Age, sex, ethnicity, SEP, obesity at baseline, and smoking status |
| Guo et al. (2017) [41] | None |
| Pun et al. (2017) [42] | Race, smoking, diabetes, BMI, alcohol consumption, asthma, and median income |
| Deng et al. (2017) [43] | Age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, SEP, RUCA, distance to primary interstate highway, month and year of diagnosis, and initial treatments |
| Turner et al. (2017) [7] | Age, race/ethnicity, gender, education, marital status, BMI, smoking status, passive smoking, vegetable/fruit/fiber consumption, fat consumption, alcohol consumption, industrial exposures, occupation dirtiness index, and 1990 ecological covariates |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MI, myocardial infarction; RUCA, rural–urban commuting area; SEP, socio-economic position.