Table 6.
Characteristics of the subgroup of women at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) owing to the requirement for insulin treatment during GDM. This group was divided into women who had or had not developed T2D by 6 years after pregnancy.
| NGT or IGT (n = 32) | T2D (n = 21) | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Ethnicity (% Scandinavian) | 29 | 27 | 0.57 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.3 | 4.9 | 29.1 | 4.9 | 0.92 |
| BMI change from pre-pregnancy (kg/m2) | −1.27 | 3.82 | −0.41 | 3.06 | 0.38 |
| BP Systolic (mmHg) | 121 | 13 | 120 | 12 | 0.72 |
| BP Diastolic (mmHg) | 78 | 9 | 78 | 9 | 0.81 |
| Waist (cm) | 96 | 10 | 95 | 14 | 0.81 |
| Hip (cm) | 108 | 10 | 107 | 10 | 0.82 |
| s-HDL (mM) | 1.33 | 0.33 | 1.33 | 0.50 | 0.96 |
| s-LDL (mM) | 3.20 | 0.66 | 3.04 | 0.63 | 0.38 |
| s-Triglycerides (mM) | 1.07 | 0.34 | 1.48 | 1.62 | 0.18 |
| b-HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 40 | 5 | 57 | 23 | <0.001 |
| p-Glucose fasting (mM) | 5.8 | 0.4 | 9.0 | 4.3 | 0.001 |
| Significantly different FAs: | |||||
| Palmitic acid (16:0) | 23.0 | 1.8 | 24.7 | 2.2 | 0.005 |
| LA (18:2n6) | 30.4 | 4.3 | 27.0 | 3.9 | 0.007 |
b, whole blood; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; FA, fatty acid; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; LA, linoleic acid; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; p, plasma; s, serum; SD, standard deviation.