Table 1.
Randomized trials on solid food introduction and development of food allergy. SPT, skin prick test.
| Author, Year, Trial, Country | Study | Participants | Intervention | Food Challenge/Age (Years) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk for Atopy | Inclusion Criteria | Active/Control (n) | Type of Food | Proteins | Length of Intake | |||
| Perkin, 2014, EAT, U.K. [25] | RCT | General population | Term infant, breastfeeding ≥3 months | 652/651 | Milk, peanuts, egg, sesame, fish, wheat | 4 g/week | 3→6 months | Open or controlled to the 6 intervention foods/1–3 |
| Du Toit, 2015, LEAP, U.K. [29] | RCT | High | Moderate-severe eczema and/or egg-peanut allergy, SPT < 4 mm | 319/321 | Peanuts (snack/butter) | 6 g/week, ≥3 times | 4–11 months→5 years | Open or DBPCFC to peanuts/5–6 |
| Palmer, 2013, STAR, Australia [34] | RDBPCT | High | Moderate-severe eczema (SCORAD ≥ 15) | 49/37 | Egg (whole pasteurized) | 0.9 g | 4–6→8 months | Open to egg/1 |
| Bellach, 2017, HEAP, Germany [35] | RDBPCT | General population | Egg sIgE < 0.35 kU/L | 184/199 | Egg (white pasteurized) | 2.5 g. 3 times/week | 4–6→12 months | Open or DBPCFC to egg/1 |
| Palmer, 2017 STEP, Australia [36] | RDBPCT | High | Atopic mother, no previous egg intake, no eczema | 165/154 | Egg (white pasteurized) | 0.4 g/day | 4–6→8 months | Open to egg/1 |
| Tan, 2017 BEAT, Australia [37] | RDBPCT | High | Allergic 1st degree relative, SPT egg white <2 mm | 407/413 | Egg (whole pasteurized) | 0.9 g | 4–6→10 months | Open to egg/1 |
| Natsume, 2017, PETIT, Japan [38] | RDBPCT | High | Eczema, never taken egg, no immediate egg allergy | 60/61 | Egg (cooked lyophilized) | −50 mg/day −250 mg/day |
−6→9 months −9→12 months |
Open to egg/1 |
EAT, Enquiring About Tolerance; LEAP, Learning Early About Peanut Allergy; STAR, Solids Timing for Allergy Research; HEAP, Hen’s Egg Allergy Prevention; STEP, Starting Time of Egg Protein; PETIT, Prevention of Egg allergy with Tiny Amount Intake; BEAT, Beating Egg Allergy Trial; RDBPCT: Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial; RCT: Randomized Controlled Trial; DBPCFC: Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Food Challenge; sIgE, specific Immunoglobulin E.