Table 4.
Studies reporting alterations in the mineral content of foods fortified with seaweeds.
| Product | Seaweed Species | Relevant Results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| meat and meat products | |||
| Frankfurters | H. elongata at 5% | ↓ addition of NaCl to half | [96] |
| Beef patties | U. pinnatifida at 3% | ↑ Na, K, Ca, and Mg; Na/K = 1 | [97] |
| Meat emulsions | H. elongata, U. pinnatifida, or P. umbilicalis (2.5 or 5%) | ↓ of NaCl addition from 2 to 0.5% | [98] |
| Restructured poultry | H. elongata (3%) | ↓ of NaCl addition from 1.5 to 0.5% | [99] |
| Frankfurters | H. elongata (5.5%) | ↓ of NaCl addition from 2 to 0.5%; ↑ K and Ca; Na/K < 1 | [100] |
| Beef patties | U. pinnatifida (3%) | ↑ Na, K, Ca, and Mg; Na/K = 1 | [101] |
| Meat emulsions | H. elongata, U. pinnatifida, or P. umbilicalis (5.6%) | ↓ Na and ↑ K, Ca, Mg, and Mn; ↑ Fe only in samples with P. umbilicalis; Na/K = 1 | [102] |
| Pork | Feeding piglets with A. nodosum (10 or 20 g/kg feed) | ↑ I content in piglet’s muscles and internal organs | [117] |
| Pork | Feeding pigs with L. digitata (1.2–1.9 g/kg feed) | ↑ I content in pigs’ muscles and internal organs | [105] |
| fish and fish products | |||
| Tuna jerkies | Sargassum swartzii (3 or 5%) | ↑ Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Fe | [33] |
| Gilthead seabream | Feeding fish with L. digitata (10% in fish meal) | ↑ I content in fish fillets | [109] |
| Rainbow trout | Feeding fish with L. digitata (3.65 g/kg fish meal) | ↑ I content in fish fillets | [106] |
| dairy products | |||
| Cottage cheese | U. pinnatifida (15%) | ↑ Ca, Fe and Mg | [113] |
| Yogurt | Laminaria spp. (0.2 or 0.5%) | ↑ I, Ca, K, Na, Mg, and Fe | [114] |
| Quark and fresh cheese | S. latissima | ↑ I content | [115] |
| Milk | Feeding cattle with a mix of U. rigida, Sargassum muticum, and Saccorhiza polyschides (100 g/animal/day) | ↑ I and Mo | [94] |
| others | |||
| Eggs | Feeding laying hens with Ulva prolifera and Cladophora sp. enriched in Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, or Cr (1.8–48.3 g/50 kg feed) | ↑ Cu, Mn, and Cr; ↑ K on eggs of hens fed with Cr-, Mn-, and Co-enriched algae; ↑ Ca in all eggs except those from hens fed with Cr- and Zn-enriched algae; ↑ Mg in all eggs except those from hens fed with Zn-enriched algae | [104] |
| Cookies | Caulerpa racemosa (1–10%) | ↑ ash content | [16] |
| Egg noodles | Monostroma nitidum (3 or 6%) | ↑ ash content | [118] |
| Hijiki mineral salt | Sargassum spp. | Hijiki salt was richer in K and other trace elements than conventional salts | [119] |
| Ulva mineral salt | Ulva ohnoi or Ulva tepida | ↑ K, Ca, Mg, P, B, Cu, Mn, and Se; Na/K between 1.1 to 2.2 | [120] |