Table 1.
Summary of study subjects by smoking status.
| Variable | Nonsmokers | Smokers | p-Value * |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individuals (n) | 16 | 18 | - |
| Age in years (mean, range) | 34 (28–50) | 45 (33–49) | 0.109 |
| Sex (male/female) | 6/10 | 10/8 | 0.384 |
| Race | Hispanic | Hispanic | - |
| Education level (percentage) | 0.695 | ||
| ≤High school | 4 (25%) | 6 (33%) | |
| ≥College | 12 (75%) | 12 (67%) | |
| Total years smoking | - | ≤3 years = 2 >3 years = 15 NR a = 1 | - |
| Cigarettes per day (number) | |||
| Light/moderate (≤20 cigarettes) | - | 9 | - |
| Heavy (≥20 cigarettes) | - | 9 | - |
| Alcohol use (yes/no) | 11/5 | 7/11 | 0.721 |
| Assessment of depression symptoms mean ± standard deviation | 6.56 ± 7.36 | 10.89 ± 7.04 | 0.020 |
a NR: not reported; * exact p-values were based on Mann-Whitney U tests, with the significance level set at 0.05.