Table 2.
Analytes in saliva samples from smokers and nonsmokers.
| Analyte | Nonsmokers Mean ± Standard Deviation (pg/mL) | Smokers Mean ± Standard Deviation Mean (pg/mL) | p-Value * |
|---|---|---|---|
| TNF-α | 28.3 ± 46.19 | 11.2 ± 11.33 | 0.646 |
| IL-12 (p70) | 8.4 ± 5.05 | 182.1 ± 749.43 | 0.281 |
| MDC ↓ | 311.8 ± 399.44 | 114.8 ± 246 | 0.007 |
| IL-10 ↓ | 7.7 ± 12.20 | 1.6 ± 0.23 | 4.28 × 10−4 |
| IFN-γ | 5.2 ± 3.50 | 6.9 ± 7.19 | 0.746 |
| TNF-β | 2.5 ± 1.12 | 1.8 ± 0.33 | 0.126 |
| IL-1 β | 443.1 ± 1358.49 | 214.4 ± 352.95 | 0.384 |
| IL-5 ↓ | 2.7 ± 1.05 | 1.7 ± 0.12 | 0.001 |
| IL-2 ↑ | 1.1 ± 0.02 | 2.4 ± 1.21 | 9.07 × 10−10 |
| IL-6 | 37.1 ± 92.94 | 26.1 ± 71.88 | 0.102 |
| IL-4 ↑ | 1.6 ± 1.48 | 15.6 ± 17.10 | 1.6E-4 |
| IL-1ra | 10,021 ± 2117.65 | 10,296 ± 4958.39 | 0.746 |
| IL-13 | 1.9 ± 1.13 | 1.3 ± 0.90 | 0.365 |
| IL-17 | 6.4 ± 10.95 | 8.5 ± 12.24 | 0.164 |
| IL-7 | 11.3 ± 8.83 | 7.4 ± 9.90 | 0.050 |
| GM-CSF | 30.9 ± 53.91 | 22.5 ± 16.64 | 0.721 |
| ACTH ↑ | 1.5 ± 0.80 | 9.2 ± 7.44 | 5.83 × 10−4 |
| Insulin ↓ | 364.7 ± 87.40 | 27.3 ± 22.23 | 3.66 × 10−4 |
| Leptin ↓ | 33.8 ± 16.03 | 19.3 ± 4.27 | 6.77 × 10−4 |
Analytes were measured using the Luminex MAGPIX (with xPONENT 4.1 program) and a cytokine magnetic bead panel (MILLIPLEX HCYTMAG-60K-PX39); (↑): significantly higher levels of analytes in the saliva samples from smokers; (↓): significantly lower levels of analytes in the saliva samples from smokers; * p-values were based on the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, with a significance level set at 0.05.