Table 2.
Linkage to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection-related medical care among U.S.-born and non-U.S.-born blacks aged ≥13 years, by selected demographic characteristics, National HIV Surveillance System, 40 U.S. areas, 2016.
| Characteristic | Percentage of Persons with ≥1 CD4+ Count or Viral Load Test After HIV Diagnosis | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S.-Born | Non-U.S.-Born | |||||||||
| No. | ≤1 month | 1–≤3 months | >3 months | Not Linked | No. | ≤1 month | 1–≤3 months | >3 months | Not Linked | |
| Total | 9441 | 71.3 | 11.2 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 1744 | 78.6 | 8.8 | 5.8 | 6.7 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 7386 | 70.4 | 11.5 | 8.4 | 9.6 | 807 | 77.8 | 8.7 | 5.9 | 7.6 |
| Female | 2055 | 74.5 | 9.9 | 7.0 | 8.6 | 937 | 79.3 | 9.0 | 5.8 | 6.0 |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| 13‒24 | 2839 | 69.5 | 12.6 | 9.5 | 8.4 | 143 | 77.6 | 11.2 | 6.3 | 4.9 |
| 25–34 | 3291 | 70.4 | 11.6 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 445 | 80.7 | 7.2 | 4.7 | 7.4 |
| 35–44 | 1364 | 71.6 | 10.1 | 7.4 | 10.9 | 509 | 80.2 | 9.2 | 5.5 | 5.1 |
| 44‒54 | 1118 | 75.1 | 8.7 | 4.9 | 11.3 | 361 | 75.1 | 10 | 7.2 | 7.8 |
| ≥55 | 829 | 75.3 | 9.7 | 5.7 | 9.4 | 286 | 77.6 | 8.0 | 6.3 | 8.0 |
| Transmission category (male) a | ||||||||||
| Male-to-male sexual contact | 5899 | 70.8 | 11.6 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 376 | 76.9 | 9.6 | 5.1 | 8.2 |
| Injection-drug use (IDU) | 264 | 72.0 | 7.2 | 6.1 | 14.8 | 26 | 84.6 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 7.7 |
| Male-to-male sexual contact and IDU | 208 | 70.7 | 14.4 | 3.8 | 11.1 | 8 | 87.5 | 12.5 | 0 | 12.5 |
| Heterosexual contact b | 1005 | 67.4 | 11.6 | 9.4 | 11.5 | 396 | 77.8 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 6.8 |
| Other c | 10 | 70 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Transmission category (female) a | ||||||||||
| IDU | 188 | 75.0 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 32 | 81.3 | 9.4 | 3.1 | 6.3 |
| Heterosexual contact b | 1860 | 74.4 | 10.1 | 6.9 | 8.6 | 889 | 78.9 | 9.1 | 6.0 | 6.1 |
| Other c | 7 | 85.7 | 0 | 0 | 14.3 | 16 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Type of residence at the time of diagnosis | ||||||||||
| Metropolitan (population ≥500,000 persons) | 7472 | 66.6 | 10.6 | 8.2 | 9.5 | 1559 | 78.2 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 6.8 |
| Urban (population 50,000–499,999) | 1521 | 66.7 | 13.2 | 8.0 | 9.9 | 150 | 82.7 | 7.3 | 4.0 | 6.0 |
| Rural (population ≤49,999 persons) | 384 | 76.4 | 14.3 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 30 | 80 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 |
| Unknown | 64 | 60.9 | 10.9 | 15.6 | 12.5 | 5 | 80 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| World region of birth | ||||||||||
| Africa | — | — | — | — | — | 974 | 82.4 | 7.4 | 5.3 | 4.8 |
| Caribbean | — | — | — | — | — | 673 | 73.7 | 10.8 | 6.4 | 9.1 |
| Other | — | — | — | — | — | 97 | 74.2 | 9.3 | 7.2 | 9.3 |
| Late-stage diagnosis d | 1807 | 89.7 | 10 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 493 | 90.5 | 7.7 | 1.2 | 0.6 |
a Data have been statistically adjusted to account for missing transmission category. b Heterosexual contact with a person known to have or to be at high risk for HIV infection. c Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified. d A CD4 count of <200/µL, the CD4 percentage of total lymphocytes of <14, or documentation of an AIDS-defining condition at the time of initial HIV diagnosis.