Table 1.
Population characteristics among nonsmoking primary female cooks using traditional or cleaner-burning Justa stoves, rural Honduras (n = 139).
| Total (n = 139) | Traditional (n = 72) | Justa (n = 67) | Test Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or Mean (SD); Range | n (%) or Mean (SD); Range | n (%) or Mean (SD); Range | (p-Value) * | |
| Age (years) | 37.1 (9.1); 25–56 | 38.3 (9.9); 25–56 | 35.9 (7.9); 25–56 | 0.29 |
| Height (meters) | 1.45 (0.05); 1.37–1.59 | 1.45 (0.05); 1.37–1.59 | 1.45 (0.04); 1.37–1.56 | 0.40 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.87 (0.06); 0.74–1.10 | 0.88 (0.06); 0.74–1.09 | 0.87 (0.05); 0.77–0.99 | 0.08 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.8 (4.2); 17.6–37.5 | 25.5 (4.4); 17.5–37.5 | 26.2 (3.8); 18.2–33.6 | 0.24 |
| Physical activity (MET) 1 | 212 (103); 31–542 | 216 (110); 31–542 | 209 (95); 46–444 | 0.82 |
| Elevation (meters) | 1916 (107); 1729–2157 | 1896 (98); 1736–2152 | 1938 (112); 1729–2157 | 0.01 |
| Beds per person 2 | 0.52 (0.18); 0.2–1.0 | 0.50 (0.17); 0.2–1.0 | 0.55 (0.19); 0.25–1.0 | 0.15 |
| Diet diversity score 3 | 6.1 (1.7); 2–10 | 6.1 (1.7); 3–10 | 5.9 (1.6); 2–10 | 0.62 |
| Years of education | ||||
| Less than six years | 66 (48.1%) | 38 (53.5%) | 28 (42.4%) | 0.26 |
| Six or more years | 71 (51.8%) | 33 (46.5%) | 38 (57.6%) | |
| Number of assets 4 | ||||
| Less than two | 67 (48.5%) | 38 (53.5%) | 34 (51.0%) | 0.87 |
| Two or more | 71 (51.5%) | 33 (46.5%) | 33 (49.0%) | |
| Years spent cooking with biomass | 25.6 (9.9); 7–50 | 26.6 (10.8); 7–49 | 24.5 (8.8); 9–50 | 0.38 |
| Self-reported exposure to secondhand smoke | 5 (3.6%) | 5 (3.6%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Fractional exhale nitric oxide (ppb) | 17.9 (12.1); 3.5–95 | 17.4 (10.8); 3.5–62 | 18.5 (13.4); 5–95 | 0.64 |
PPB, parts per billion; SD, Standard Deviation. 1 Physical Activity: The sum of metabolic equivalents including the following self-reported activities: cut wood, grind corn, wash clothes, milk the cow, work in the field, carry a heavy weight, and walk normally outside the house. For each activity the number of hours per week was calculated and multiplied with the corresponding metabolic equivalent (MET) from the Compendium of Physical Activities (Ainsworth et al. 2015). 2 Total n = 137; Traditional = 71; Justa = 66. 3 Dietary-diversity score: The sum of the number of food categories consumed in the past 24-h (10 categories); used as an indicator of socioeconomic status (Savy et al. 2006). 4 Number of assets (Total n = 138, Traditional = 71). Assets include cars, bikes, motorbikes, televisions, radios, refrigerators, sewing machines, electricity. * Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables or chi-square p-value for categorical variables.