Table 4.
Estimated crude and adjusted 1 percentage difference in fractional exhaled nitric oxide in relation to measures of exposure to household air pollution (per 25% increase in 24-h average measured pollution, or by stove type) among traditional and Justa stove users, rural Honduras.
| n | Crude Percent Difference in FeNO | 95% CI | n | Adjusted Percent Difference in FeNO 1 | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24-h average kitchen PM2.5 (µg/m3) 2 | 98 | 0.3 | (−2.0, 2.7) | 84 | 0.5 | (−2.0, 3.1) |
| 24-h average personal PM2.5 (µg/m3) 2 | 98 | 0.8 | (−3.1, 4.9) | 85 | 0.8 | (−3.4, 5.2) |
| 24-h average kitchen Black Carbon (µg/m3) 2 | 98 | −0.1 | (−1.8, 1.6) | 84 | −0.1 | (−1.9, 1.8) |
| 24-h average personal Black Carbon (µg/m3) 2 | 98 | <0.0 | (−2.1, 1.9) | 84 | −0.2 | (−2.4, 2.0) |
| Stove Type 3 | 139 | 136 | ||||
| Justa | 67 | ref | 65 | ref | ||
| Traditional | 72 | −6.5 | (−22.9, 13.6) | 71 | −6.1 | (−23.5, 15.3) |
Cl: Confidence interval; PM2.5: fine particulate matter. 1 Models were adjusted for age, height, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, dietary-diversity score, years of education (<6 or ≥6 years), and number of assets (<2 or ≥2) (Assets include cars, bikes, motorbikes, televisions, radios, refrigerators, sewing machines, electricity). 2 Exhaled nitric oxide and measured pollution were both log transformed. Beta coefficients were entered into the formula ((1.25^β) − 1) and multiplied by 100. We can interpret the estimate of the continuous pollution exposures as a percent increase in exhaled nitric oxide for each 25% increase in exposure. Example: There is a 0.4% higher FeNO level with a 25% higher kitchen PM2.5 concentration. 3 Exhaled nitric oxide was log-transformed. Categorical variable beta coefficients were entered into the formula (e^β − 1)*100). The estimates for the categorical measures of exposure can be interpreted as the percent difference in FeNO when comparing traditional stove to the reference (Justa stove).