Fig. 1.

Novel developments for allergen vaccines. Adjuvants can be classified as immunostimulant substances including TLR-ligands, mineral salts, amino-acids or CLR-ligands and as delivery systems including micro- or nanoparticles, VLPs or CLR-ligands. There are different ways to modify allergens to make them hypoallergenic: molecular (peptides, fusion proteins or recombinant hypoallergens) or chemical (generating allergoids) strategies. Both approaches are used in combination to generate allergoids conjugated to mannan. TLR Toll-like receptor; CLR C-type lectin receptor; VLP Viral-like particle; MPL Monophosphoryl lipid A; ODN Oligodeoxynucleotide