Table 1.

Effects of diabetes medications on BMD and the risk of fracture in type 2 diabetes

Medications	BMD	Risk of fracture
Metformin [4, 26]	=/↑	↓/=
Sulphonylureas [26]	NA	↓/=/↑
Thiazolidinediones [27, 28]	↓↓/=	↑↑/=
Incretins
GLP1 analogue [29]  DPP4 inhibitor [30, 31]	↑/= --	= ↓/=
SGLT2 inhibitors [32–34]	=	=/↑
Insulin [35]	=	↑

↑ increase, ↓ decrease, = unchanged, NA not available, GLP glucagon-like peptide, DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor 4, SGLT2 sodium/glucose cotransporter 2, BMD bone mineral density