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. 2018 Nov 1;117(3):1425–1452. doi: 10.1007/s11192-018-2941-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — Technology life cycle (TLC) stages. Adapted from (Ansoff and McDonnell 1984; Ernst 1997; Reinhart and Schindler 2010)