Table 1.

Commercially available bioprinters which support multiple printing mechanisms [7, 8, 10]

Company model (origin)	Biofabrication mechanisms	Axis resolution
3D Bioprinting Solutions’ FAB (Russia)	Photocuring,	$5\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}$
	Electromagnetic pneumatic extrusion
Advanced Solutions ‘BioAssembly Bot’ (USA)	Pneumatic extrusion	$\sim \mathrm{\mu }\text{m}$
Aether ‘Aether 1’ (USA)	Pneumatic extrusion	$1\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}(XY)$
	Inkjet/droplet	0.43 nm (Z)
	Filament meltextrusion
	Photocuring
Allevi ‘Allevi 6’ (USA)	Pneumatic microextrusion	$<1\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}$
	Photocuring	(XYZ)
Aspect Biosystems ‘RX1’ (Canada)	Pneumatic extrusion	$\sim \mathrm{\mu }\text{m}$
Cellink ‘Bio X’ (USA)	Pneumatic extrusion	$1\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}$
	Filament meltextrusion	(XYZ)
	Mechanical extrusion
	Inkjet
	Photocuring
Cyfuse ‘Regenova’ (Japan)	Spheroid stacking and maturationin needle array	Spheroid diameter
EnvisionTEC Bioplotter	Pneumatic extrusion	$1\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}$
(German)	Photocuring	(XYZ)
GeSim ‘BioScaffolder 3.2’	Pneumatic extrusion	$2\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}(XY)$
(Germany)	Piezoelectric nanoliter-	$10\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}(Z)$
	pipetting(Inkjet)
	Melt electrospinning
	Photocuring
Organovo’s NovoGen MMX (USA)	Mechanical microextrusion	$20\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}$
Poietis ‘NGB 17.03’ (France)	LIFT	$20\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}$
RegenHU’s ‘3D Discovery’ (Switzerland)	Pneumatic extrusion	$5\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}$
	Mechanical extrusion
	Inkjet/droplet
	Photocuring
	Melt electrospinning
	Filament melt extrusion
SunP Biotech International,LLC	Mechanical extrusion	$5\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}$
‘Alpha-‘ Series(USA/China)	Photocuring