Table 7.
Demographic and lifestyle characteristics of study participants using nutritional supplements.
| Characteristics | User % | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Males | 1650 (39.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 2514 (60.4) | 1.47 (1.34, 1.62) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.24,1.53) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 0.014 | 0.120 | |||
| <20 | 1300 (26.0) | 0.83 (0.45, 1.55) | 0.568 | 0.53 (0.20, 1.39) | 0.195 |
| 20–24 | 3319 (66.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 25–29 | 362 (7.2) | 0.84 (0.45, 1.57) | 0.580 | 0.60 (0.23, 1.58) | 0.304 |
| ≥30 | 27 (0.5) | 1.12 (0.59, 2.14) | 0.723 | 0.56 (0.21, 1.50) | 0.249 |
| BMI | 0.014 | 0.950 | |||
| <18.4 | 930 (18.6) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) | 0.452 | 0.99 (0.85, 1.16) | 0.893 |
| 18.5–23.9 | 3388 (67.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| >24.0 | 685 (13.7) | 1.23 (1.05, 1.43) | 0.009 | 1.01 (0.84, 1.23) | 0.908 |
| Household incomes, Yuan (RMB) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| <5000 | 1069 (21.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 5000–9999 | 1012 (20.7) | 0.75 (0.62, 0.91) | 0.003 | 0.69 (0.55, 0.87) | 0.001 |
| 10,000–29,999 | 1197 (24.5) | 0.76 (0.62, 0.91) | 0.004 | 0.69 (0.55, 0.87) | 0.002 |
| 30,000–49,999 | 639 (13.1) | 0.92 (0.76, 1.11) | 0.388 | 0.85 (0.68, 1.06) | 0.154 |
| 50,000–99,999 | 619 (12.6) | 1.20 (0.97, 1.49) | 0.088 | 1.15 (0.89, 1.49) | 0.282 |
| >100,000 | 358 (7.3) | 1.08 (0.87, 1.33) | 0.503 | 1.06 (0.82, 1.36) | 0.669 |
| Region | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Northeast China | 424 (8.6) | 0.41 (0.11, 1.49) | 0.174 | 0.63 (0.11 3.52) | 0.600 |
| Northern China | 750 (15.2) | 0.65 (0.18, 2.37) | 0.510 | 1.04 (0.18, 5.93) | 0.961 |
| Central China | 417 (8.4) | 0.42 (0.12, 1.54) | 0.192 | 0.68 (0.12, 3.80) | 0.658 |
| Eastern China | 2202 (44.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Southwest China | 600 (12.1) | 0.40 (0.11, 1.47) | 0.169 | 0.65 (0.12, 3.67) | 0.626 |
| Southern China | 289 (5.8) | 0.40 (0.11, 1.47) | 0.167 | 0.76 (0.14, 4.27) | 0.755 |
| Northwest China | 258 (5.2) | 0.56 (0.15, 2.06) | 0.383 | 0.85 (0.15, 4.81) | 0.850 |
| Overseas | 10 (0.2) | 0.41 (0.11, 1.52) | 0.182 | 0.66 (0.12, 3.76) | 0.644 |
| Self–reported health status | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Excellent | 818 (16.1) | 2.61 (1.79,3.80) | <0.001 | 2.77 (1.74, 4.42) | <0.001 |
| Very good | 2081 (41.0) | 1.44 (0.99, 2.11) | 0.059 | 1.57 (0.98, 2.52) | 0.063 |
| Good | 1860 (36.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Fair | 232 (4.6) | 2.29 (1.57, 3.33) | <0.001 | 2.36 (1.48, 3.77) | <0.001 |
| Poor | 38 (0.7) | 2.78 (1.81, 4.27) | <0.001 | 2.60 (1.54, 4.39) | <0.001 |
| Unclear | 47 (0.9) | 1.55 (0.87, 2.78) | 0.140 | 1.48 (0.74, 2.96) | 0.265 |
| Chronic disease | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Absent | 3360 (66.2) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Present | 402 (7.9) | 0.85 (0.76, 0.93) | <0.001 | 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) | 0.215 |
| Unclear | 1316 (25.9) | 1.82 (1.47, 2.25) | <0.001 | 1.97 (1.53, 2.55) | <0.001 |
| Major | |||||
| Non-medical | 2492 (48.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Medical | 2606 (51.1) | 1.23 (1.13,1.35) | <0.001 | 1.21 (1.07, 1.37) | 0.003 |
Adjusted OR and p-values were based on multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for all other characteristics included in the table.