Table 1.
Risk factor n (% of cohort) |
Frequency Australiaa N = 1143 |
Frequency Denmark N = 1350 |
---|---|---|
Median age—years (IQR) | 80 (73–86) | 78 (76–85) |
Female (%) | (52.0) | (53.0) |
Median length of stay | 3.0 days (95% CI 1.0–7.0) | 6.0 days (5.6–6.3) |
Nursing home resident | 74 (10.3) | 139 (10.3) |
Advanced malignancy | 64 (5.6) | 127 (9.4) |
Any mental impairmentb | 123 (10.8) | 258 (19.1) |
Dementia only | 70 (6.1) | 90 (6.7) |
Proteinuriac | 3 (0.26) | 12 (0.8) |
Chronic kidney disease | 133 (11.6) | 70 (5.2) |
Fried frailty binary ≥ 1 | 979 (85.7) | 876 (64.9) |
Fried frailty score ≥ 3 | 357 (31.2) | 251 (19.6) |
CFS frailty ≥ 5 | 603 (52.8) | 702 (52.0) |
Congestive heart failure | 146 (12.8) | 242 (17.9) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 179 (15.6) | 327 (24.2) |
New or previous myocardial infarction | 126 (26.7) | 131 (9.7) |
New cerebrovascular accident | 16 (1.4) | 36 (2.7) |
Chronic liver disease | 19 (1.7) | 29 (2.2) |
Hypoglycaemia | 9 (0.8) | 13 (1.0) |
Low urinary output | 16 (1.4) | 5 (0.4) |
Abnormal ECG | 457 (40.0) | 483 (35.8) |
Meet ≥ 2 RRS criteria | 70 (6.1) | 78 (5.8) |
Hospital admission in the past year | 671 (58.7) | 658 (48.7) |
ICU admission in the past 12 months | 88 (7.7) | 98 (7.3) |
2 or more chronic conditions | 175 (15.31) | 218 (16.2) |
Community services post-discharge | 220 (19.3) | 316 (23.4) |
Australia: deceased by end of study 116; survived = 1026; Denmark: deceased by end of study = 184; survived = 1166
RRS rapid response system deterioration criteria to call an emergency team on admission
aNumber and % within cohort IQR = interquartile range
bMental Impairment includes one or more of the following: dementia, long term mental illness, disability from stoke, or acute behavioural changes
cInformation on proteinuria 59% missing in Australia and 41.2% missing in Denmark