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. 2018 Oct 31;9(6):891–901. doi: 10.1007/s41999-018-0123-6

Table 1.

Comparative risk profiles of the derivation (Australia) and validation (Denmark) cohorts

Risk factor
n (% of cohort)
Frequency Australiaa
N = 1143
Frequency Denmark
N = 1350
Median age—years (IQR) 80 (73–86) 78 (76–85)
Female (%) (52.0) (53.0)
Median length of stay 3.0 days (95% CI 1.0–7.0) 6.0 days (5.6–6.3)
Nursing home resident 74 (10.3) 139 (10.3)
Advanced malignancy 64 (5.6) 127 (9.4)
Any mental impairmentb 123 (10.8) 258 (19.1)
Dementia only 70 (6.1) 90 (6.7)
Proteinuriac 3 (0.26) 12 (0.8)
Chronic kidney disease 133 (11.6) 70 (5.2)
Fried frailty binary ≥ 1 979 (85.7) 876 (64.9)
Fried frailty score ≥ 3 357 (31.2) 251 (19.6)
CFS frailty ≥ 5 603 (52.8) 702 (52.0)
Congestive heart failure 146 (12.8) 242 (17.9)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 179 (15.6) 327 (24.2)
New or previous myocardial infarction 126 (26.7) 131 (9.7)
New cerebrovascular accident 16 (1.4) 36 (2.7)
Chronic liver disease 19 (1.7) 29 (2.2)
Hypoglycaemia 9 (0.8) 13 (1.0)
Low urinary output 16 (1.4) 5 (0.4)
Abnormal ECG 457 (40.0) 483 (35.8)
Meet ≥ 2 RRS criteria 70 (6.1) 78 (5.8)
Hospital admission in the past year 671 (58.7) 658 (48.7)
ICU admission in the past 12 months 88 (7.7) 98 (7.3)
2 or more chronic conditions 175 (15.31) 218 (16.2)
Community services post-discharge 220 (19.3) 316 (23.4)

Australia: deceased by end of study 116; survived = 1026; Denmark: deceased by end of study = 184; survived = 1166

RRS rapid response system deterioration criteria to call an emergency team on admission

aNumber and % within cohort IQR = interquartile range

bMental Impairment includes one or more of the following: dementia, long term mental illness, disability from stoke, or acute behavioural changes

cInformation on proteinuria 59% missing in Australia and 41.2% missing in Denmark